SCOTLAND 



Table A. Scottish Counties. 



Table B. Scottish Burghs having over 30,000 inhabitants. 



of course, have made contributions to the multitude of emigrants, but ..the effect of 

 emigration has been chiefly felt in the purely agricultural counties. Thus, compared 

 with the census returns of 1901, at which period modern emigration enterprise had 

 scarcely begun, decreases are to be noted (Table A) in the following counties: Shet- 

 land, Orkney, Caithness, Sutherland, Inverness, Elgin or Moray, Forfar, Clackmannan, 

 Argyle, Bute, Berwick, Roxburgh, Kirkcudbright, Wigtown. In those counties the 

 staple occupations of the people are agriculture or fishing. A more cheerful state of 

 things is revealed in the counties which contain the chief cities and towns, and where the 

 people are engaged in industrial pursuits. Thus, Lanarkshire shows an increase of 

 107,786, Fifeshire 48,894, Dumbartonshire 25,966, and Renfrewshire 45,594. Perhaps 

 the most remarkable increase is in Fifeshire. The " Kingdom " is unique among coun- 

 ties, half of it being almost entirely rural, and the other half chiefly industrial. In East 

 Fifeshire farming and fishing are the principal occupations, and its picturesque parishes 

 and townships have suffered by the exodus of the sturdiest part of the population to other 

 lands, a fact borne out by the decrease in the fishing communities, and the growing 

 difficulty of procuring agricultural labour. The increase of population in Fifeshire is 

 entirely in the West, the seat of coal mining, and the great linoleum manufactures. 



The deaths in the eight principal towns of children under one year numbered 5907. 

 The births registered were 44,206, and the aggregate infantile mortality for the year was 

 134 per thousand. It ranged from 156 in Edinburgh, 139 in Glasgow and Aberdeen, to 112 

 in Greenock, and 1 1 1 in Paisley. 



Agriculture. The land system in Scotland is in some respects peculiar, and the 

 huge estates and large farms on which it is based have proved a severe handicap to 

 the enterprise of an uncommonly capable peasantry. The land agitation, a chequered 

 history of economic struggle, which, particularly in the north, assumed a virulent and 

 often violent form, has not however within recent years shown much vitality. The 



