6i 4 INDIA 



BANGANAPALLE. The population of this native State in 1911 was 39,344, showing an 

 increase of 21.9% during the decade. 



BARODA. The population of this native State in 191 1 was 2,032,798, showing an increase 

 of 4.1 % during the decade; and the population of the city was 99,345, showing a decrease of 



4.3 %. The Maharaja Gaekwar, with the Maharani, was absent during the greater part of 

 1910, visiting Japan, the United States (where his second son was at college), and England. 

 They again came to London in 1911 for the Coronation. Concerning his act of homage at 

 the Delhi Durbar the description of the official historian may be quoted: "One chief only 

 marred the proceedings for a moment by a laboured ungainliness of bearing which lent itself 

 to misinterpretation.' His third son at Oxford has played cricket more than once for the 

 university eleven. Baroda maintains its claim to be the most progressive state in India. 

 In 1911, the length of railways open was 300 miles, and 100 miles more were under construc- 

 tion. In addition, 218,000 was spent on other public works. Export and import duties 

 generally have been abolished, and also octroi in municipalities. Education in primary 

 schools is compulsory and free. A bank and many factories have been established with 

 official encouragement. The legislative council is active in passing laws and regulations. 

 There is also a state council, presided over by the minister. See A Year with the Gaekwar of 

 Baroda, by E. St.C. Weeden (1912). 



BASTAR. The population of this feudatory State in 1911 was 433,310, showing an increase 

 of no less than 4.1.4% during the decade, due partly to recovery from famine. In February 

 1910 there was a serious rising of the aboriginal tribes, which was not suppressed without the 

 intervention of regular troops. Two British officers have since been deputed to assist the 

 Raja, and many reforms have been introduced in the administration. 



BEHAR AND ORISSA. This is the name of the new province in India which was created 

 on April I, 1912, in accordance with the announcement of the King at the Delhi Durbar and 

 the provisions of a subsequent Act of Parliament. Including Chota Nagpur in addition to 

 the two historic tracts after which it is named, it has a total area (with native States) of about 

 116,000 sq. m., and a total population (1911) of about 38^ millions, among whom Hindus 

 greatly predominate over Mahommedans. The capital has been fixed at Patna, and a hill 

 station will probably be found on the Chota Nagpur plateau. The first Lieutenant-Governor 

 is Sir Charles Bayley, transferred from Eastern Bengal and Assam; and the first Indian mem- 

 ber of the executive council is the Maharaja of Darbhanga, a wealthy landowner in Behar. 



BENARES. The population of Benares city in 1911 was 203,804, showing a decrease of 



4.4 % during the decade, while the population of the district increased at the rate of 1.7 %. 

 In November 1910 it was announced that the Raja of Benares, Sir Prabhu Narayan Singh, 



G.C.I.E., who already possessed the rank of His Highness and a salute of 13 guns, would be 

 recognised as a ruling chief, and he was formally invested in April 1911. The new native 

 State thus created, the first in Indian history, consists of what were before known as the Fam- 

 ily Domains, with a total area of nearly 1,000 sq. m. in the two districts of Benares and 

 Ghazipur, and a rent roll of about 66,000. In addition, the Raja owns private estates with 

 a rent roll of about 46,000 subject to land revenue. He is descended from the father of Chet 

 Singh, who rebelled against Warren Hastings and was dethroned in 1781. 



BENGAL. The Province of Bengal, while retaining the same official title, has undergone 

 two fundamental changes of area within seven years. In 1905, the original province, prac- 

 tically identical with that comprised in the Diwani grant of 1765, was reduced by the separa- 

 tion of Eastern Bengal from a total area of about 190,000 sq. m. to about 150,000 sq. m., 

 while the population was reduced from over 78 millions to over 54 millions. On April I, 1912, 

 in accordance with the announcement of the King at the Delhi Durbar and under a subse- 

 quent Act of Parliament, Eastern Bengal was reunited, while Behar, Orissa, and Chota Nag- 

 pur were separated to form a new Lieutenant-Governorship; and the province was at the 

 s;ime time raised to the rank of a Presidency, under a Governor, with powers and privileges 

 similar to those of the Governors of Madras and Bombay. 



In 1911, the population of the Province (as then existing, with the inclusion of native 

 states) was 57,206,430, showing an increase of 4.8 % during the decade. The population of 

 the Province as now reconstituted is about 46 millions, with Mahommedans in a slight major- 

 ity over Hindus. The first governor is Lord Carmichael, transferred from Madras; and the 

 first Indian member of the executive council was Rai Kisori Lai Goswami Bahadur, appointed 

 in November 1910 when an executive council was constituted under the Indian Councils Act of 

 1909. The same statute authorised the enlargement of the legislative council, which now 

 consists of 52 members, including 25 elected by variously composed constituencies. In the 

 total there were 20 Hindus and 7 Mahommedans. Calcutta remains the capital of Bengal, 

 with Darjiling as the residence of the Governor during the hot season; but it has been solemnly 

 promised that Dacca, the former capital of Eastern Bengal and a centre of Islam, shall 

 always be occupied by the entire administration for a certain period of every year. In 1912, 

 when the Province was reconstituted, the Indian member appointed to the executive council 

 of the Governor was Dyed Shams-ul-Huda, a Mahommedan advocate. 



BHARATPUR. The population of this native State in 1911 was 558,785, showing a de- 

 crease of 10.8% during the decade. The Maharaj, who is still a minor, recently spent two 

 years in England, returning in October 1910. He was a page of honour at the Durbar. 



