620 INDIA 



instituted in the State, and one of its first measures was a Tenancy Act. The state railway 

 has been converted from the 2 ft. 6 inch to the metre gauge. 



LAHORE. The population of Lahore city in 191 1 was 228,687, showing an increase of 12.7 

 during the decade, due to its growing importance as a railway centre, with the workshops 

 of the North-Western State Railway. In the district the population has slightly decreased, 

 while in the division the decrease amounts to as much as 8.7 %, due to plague and malaria. 

 A water supply for the city has recently been completed. 



LUCKNOW. The population of Lucknow city in 1911 was 259,798, showing a decrease 

 of 1.6% during the decade; the population of both the district and the division likewise de- 

 creased at about the same rate. A trust fund has been formed for the purpose of opening 

 out congested areas in the city, and improvements are being made in water supply and 

 drainage. A medical college, the only one in the province, is now approaching completion, 

 and the Canning College has been reconstructed. 



MADRAS PRESIDENCY. The total population of the Madras Presidency (including 

 native States) was 46,217,245 in 1911, showing an increase of 9% during the decade. In 

 native states alone trie rate of increase was as high as 14.9 %. In British territory the popu- 

 lation numbered 41,405,404. 



Madras, usually so tranquil, did not escape from the prevalent spirit of "unrest." Apart 

 from isolated disturbances, the most serious occurrence was the assassination of Mr. R. W. D. 

 Ashe, collector of Tinnevelly, at a railway station on June 19, 1911. The actual murderer 

 committed suicide; but several of his accomplices were convicted by a special tribunal of the 

 High Court after a prolonged trial. The monsoons, and therefore the harvests, have recently 

 been favourable, permitting an increase in the export of cotton and ground-nuts. The 

 co-operative credit movement has taken a firm hold. As regards irrigation, a project is 

 under consideration for constructing a reservoir in the valley of the Kaveri which (it is said) 

 will be the largest in the world. Apart from indentured emigration to British colonies, labour 

 flows freely from Madras to Ceylon, Burma, and the Straits Settlements. The number of 

 emigrants to the Straits rose from 49,000 in 1910 to 85,000 in 191 1 . 



The first Indian member appointed to tne executive council was the Raja of Bobbili, who 

 resigned after a few nionths, being created G.C.I.E. at the Delhi Durbar. He was succeeded 

 by V. Krishnaswami Aiyar, a Brahman judge of the High Court, who died in December 1911, 

 (see above), and was succeeded by P. S. Sivaswami Aiyar, an advocate of the High Court. 

 The legislative council, as reconstituted in 1909, consists of 46 members, with a non-official 

 majority. Of the total, 19 are Hindus and 3 Mahommedans. Under revised regulations 

 for the second election in December 1912, the number of elected members has been raised 

 from 19 to 21, and the number of nominated members correspondingly reduced, while the 

 electorate has been increased by about 30%. The new Governor, Lord Pentland, took 

 his seat in October 1912, in succession to Lord Carmichael, transferred to Bengal. The 

 districts in Madras are exceptionally large, so that it has recently been found necessary to 

 create three new ones by redistribution: namely, Guntur, Chittoor, and Ramnad. 



MADRAS CITY. The population of Madras city in 191 1 was 518,660, showing an increase 

 of 1.8% during the decade. As compared with Calcutta and Bombay, the notable feature 

 is the equal number of males and females, for the workers here bring their families to reside 

 with them. The registered death rate in 1910 was as high as 40 per thousand, due partly 

 to the large proportion of children. The municipality completed in 1911 a scheme for 

 distributing the water supply, and a project for drainage is in hand. The harbour has been 

 so much improved that P. & O. steamers now call at the port, and further improvements are 

 being made. In 1911, the debt of the Port Trust amounted to 558,000. 



MANDALAY. The population of Mandalay city in 1911 was 138,299, showing a decrease 

 of 24.8% during the decade; and the population of the district was 340,770, showing a 

 decrease of 7 %, both of which decreases are due to the decay of the former capital, for in the 

 agricultural country around the number of inhabitants largely increased. A scheme for water 

 supply and drainage improvements is in hand. 



MANDI. The population of this native State in 1911 was 181,110, showing an increase 

 of 4.1 % during the decade. In May 1909 popular discontent in the state culminated in a 

 serious disturbance which necessitated the despatch of troops from Simla. Order was 

 quickly restored, and an official of the Civil Service has been lent to the state to conduct a 

 settlement of the land revenue. The Raja, Bhawani Sen, died in March 1912. 



MYSORE. The population of this State in 1911 was 5,806,193, showing an increase of 

 4.8 % during the decade. The population of Mysore city was 71,306, showing an increase of 

 4-7 % The most important event has been the renewal of all the leases on the Kolar Gold 

 Fields for a further term of thirty years from March 22, 1910. In 1911, the total production 

 of gold was 547,746 ounces, all sent to London for refining. Another mineral product is 

 manganese ore, of which 43,000 tons were raised in 1910. Apart from an epidemic of plague, 

 the condition of the state has been prosperous. An economic conference was held for the 

 first time in June, 1911, and cooperative societies have been placed upon a satisfactory basis. 

 An interesting institution is the State Life Insurance Fund, in which policies are held by more 

 than 7,000 persons, assuring a bonus of 447,000 for a monthly premium of 1,500. The 



