626 BRITISH MALAYA 



There are 165 square miles of forest land; about 10% being forest reserves. 



The trade shows a steady growth. The total imports in 1911 were valued at 46,437,- 

 339 as against 42,521,576 in 1910; and exports 39,887,145, as against 37,822,142. 



The values of the leading articles of import and export in round figures were as follows: 

 Imports: Tin and tin-ore, 9,780,870; rice and other grains, 6,679,620; cotton piece 

 goods, 2,600,385; opium, 1,735,070; fish, 1,275,400; provisions, 1,211,000; coal, 851,- 

 670; machinery, 561,400; silk piece goods, 428,050; cycles, motor cars and accessories, 

 167,770. Exports: Tin, 10,737,770; gums (including rubber), 4,279,920; copra, 1,984,- 

 150; spices, 1,600,090; tapioca, 520,920; rattans, 515,085; gambler, 502,600; sago, 

 486,735; phosphate of lime, 383,485; coco-nut oil, 265,420; preserved pines, 288,750. 



It should be stated that the trade of the ports is chiefly a transit trade, and that these 

 statistics refer largely to the trade of the whole of the Malay Peninsula augmented by trans- 

 shipments from and to neighbouring countries. 



The merchant shipping entered and cleared (exclusive of native craft) in 1911 amounted 

 to 24,086,904 tons, including 14,277,754 tons British. . 



Revenue in 1911 amounted to 811,409,220, and expenditure to 89,085,389. The position 

 of the Loan Account an additional sum of 2,750,000 having been raised in 1910 was as 

 follows on December 31, 1911: 3>%S.S. Inscribed Stock, 6,913,352; 4% S.S. Debentures 

 1,030,100, total 7,943,452. Provision is made for repayment of this loan by a sinking 

 fund which will come into operation in 1917. The charge on account of interest in 1911 

 was 2,449,243 as against 81,608,865 in 1910. The greater portion of this charge, however, 

 is borne by the Tanjong, Pager Dock Board and other bodies to whom portions of the loan 

 funds have been allocated. The actual sums paid by the Colonial Government in 1910 

 and 1911 respectively were 8103,667 and 8806,961. 



The revenue and expenditure of the Singapore, Penang and Malacca municipalities for 



1910 and 1911 were as follows: 



Revenue. Expenditure. 



1910 1911 1910 1911 



Singapore . $2,512,507 82,961,876 $2,446,041 82,926,626 



Penang . . 1,103,587 1,206,244 1,116,307 1,128,605 



Malacca . . 76,853 91,828 76,282 90,895 



The debt of the three municipalities at the end of 1911 was as follows: Singapore, 

 ".067,300; Penang, 82,630,000; Malacca, 883,800. 



In 1909 the excise farms were abolished. Towards the end of the year the Govern- 

 ment Monopolies Department was formed and arrangements made for taking over not only 

 the preparation and sale of opium but also the collection of duty on liquors; and at midnight 

 on December 31 the "farmers" handed over premises, stock and utensils to the superin- 

 tendent of the Department. In addition to supplying the Colony, the Department also 

 arranged to supply the districts included in the Perak, Selangor and Negri Sembilan Coast 

 Farms and also the State of Johore; and from January i, 1911 the whole of the Federated 

 Malay States were included in the operations of the Department. In 1911 the cash receipts 

 for opium for consumption in the Colony were 87,707,068, against 86,612,918 in 1910. The 

 collections in respect of duty on intoxicants in 1911 were: Singapore 8665,258; Penang 

 8505,537; Malacca 8 1 64,386. 



For five years extensive works have been in progress to increase the wharfage accommo- 

 dation at Singapore and Penang, and otherwise to improve the harbour at Singapore, where 

 a new graving dock, the largest in the Far East, has been constructed. The harbour works 

 at Singapore include a new sea-wall and reclamation at Teluk. Ayer and a lagoon wet dock 

 and additional wharfage at Tanjong Pagar. 



A ferry now connects the railway system with the mainland at the straits of Johore, and 

 a through service of trains, night and day, runs between Singapore and Penang, by way of 

 Kuala Lumpur, the capital of the Federated Malay States. The journey occupies 23 hours. 



Improvements have taken place in the postal, telegraph and telephone services since the 

 new treaty brought Kelantan, Trengganu, Kedah and Perlis under British suzerainty. 



The mean temperature of Singapore and Penang in 1911 was 82.6, of Province Wellesley 

 83.7; and of Malacca 82.1. The rainfall recorded in 1911 was Singapore, 88.10 inches; 

 Penang, 77.25; Province Wellesley, 90.47; and Malacca 81.41 inches. 



Labuan. 1 By the census of 1911 the population amounted to 6,546 (3,662 males, 2,884 

 females), of whom 34 were Europeans, 1,799 Chinese and 4,434 belonged to the Malay races. 

 There were 189 births and 183 deaths, compared with 235 and 267 respectively in 1910. 

 Census returns gave 116 inhabitants as Christians and 4,430 Mahommedans. 



The revenue in 1910 was 882,926.44, and in 1911 878,990.44; the expenditure $104,- 

 855.98 in 1910 and 8105,989.87 in 1911. Imports in 1910 were valued at Si,437,39O, and in 



1911 81,258,884; Exports 81,217,132 in 1910, and in 1911 81,074,737. 



The shipping entering Port Victoria was 282,742 tons (British, 152,668) in 1910: in 1911, 

 136,884 tons (British, 42,288). 

 1 See E. B. xvi, 31. 



