6 3 o BRITISH MALAYA 



The profit in 1911 was equivalent to a dividend at the rate of 6.03 per cent. The depart- 

 ment was authorised to expend nearly 600,000 in new construction work in 1912. 



Perak is the most populous of the four states, containing (1911) 494,057 persons (344,238 

 males, 149,819 females). Of these 1,396 were Europeans, 845 Eurasians, 199,034 Malays, 

 217,206 Chinese, 73,539 Indians and 2,037 others. Religions were: Mahommedan, 192,991 ; 

 Hindu, 56,988; Christian, 9,734; Sikh, 3,918; other non-Christian 213,386; not given 3,690. 

 Ipoh, in the mining district of Kinta, had 23,978 inhabitants, Taipeng (the capital) 19,556, 

 and Kampar, 11,604. Ipoh and Kampar nearly doubled their population in ten years. The 

 aboriginal population is given as 12,632 against 7,982 in 1901. Births numbered 8,946, or 

 17.95 per mille, against 10,306 in 1910. Deaths numbered 14,026, or 28.16 per mille, against 

 13,118 deaths, with a death rate of 33.03, in 1910. There were 6,498 deaths from malaria 

 in 1911. There was an excess of 19,053 Chinese immigrants over emigrants. 



The strength of the police force was 1,180. 



The total enrolment at 213 schools was 13,126, with an average attendance of 78 per 

 cent. English was taught at 15 schools to 2,246 pupils, the majority being Chinese. The 

 expenditure on education was $149,025. 



The revenue in 1911 was $19,081,190; expenditure $13,071,195. Balance of assets at the 

 credit of the state, $33,194,146. The revenue from land was $860,277; land sales, $218,367; 

 customs, $6,271,813; licences, excise, etc., $4,584,938. There was an increase of $3,106,837 

 under the last, due mainly to the establishment of the government chandu monopoly. 



A record was created in the value of both imports and exports: Imports (1911) $29,349,- 

 234; exports $55,535,590. Of exports, the principal values were: Rice, $725,724; padi, 

 $463,458; sugar, $233,196; tin and tin-ore, $41,105,822; copra, $973,811; rubber, $10,994,087. 



There was an increased alienation of land for rubber and coco-nut cultivation over the 

 areas so allocated in 1910 and 1909. Of the 262,487 acres alienated for rubber 124,681 were 

 reported to be opened and 31,532 acres to be producing. The total crop for the year was 

 6,041,763 Ibs. as against 2,962,218 in 1910. The total acreage under padi was 78,735, and 

 the yield, in a year of poor crops, was 2,596,290 bushels. The fruit harvest, on the other 

 hand, was the best on record. Under coco-nuts there were 73,126 acres as against 66,088 

 in 1910. Practically the whole delta between the Bernam and Perak rivers has been alienated 

 for cultivation, and in a few years this vast plain, which was dense jungle four years ago, will 

 present an unbroken field of coco-nut palms. 



The total area of forest reserves is 422 sq. miles, an increase of 46 sq. m. during 1911. 



The acting Resident (Mr. Oliver Marks) comments on the difficulty of obtaining con- 

 tractors to undertake the construction of new roads, the prosperity in the planting industry 

 having attracted both contractors and labourers. Nevertheless, 8\ miles were added to the 

 metalled roads (now 745 miles) and 63 miles of earth-road were metalled. Several bridges 

 were constructed, and waterworks for Taipeng and Kampar completed. 



The number of vessels entered and cleared at the ports of the state (exclusive. of native 

 craft) was 3,990 as against 3,550 in 1910, with a tonnage of 439,926 as against 383,976 in 1910. 



Taipeng recorded the largest rainfall, 147.09 in. ; Lenggong the lowest, 69.90 in. 



In Selangor the population was 294,035 in 1911, a gain of 74.2 percent. There were 220,- 

 939 malesand 73,096 females. Resident in the state were 1,348 Europeans, 64,952 Malays, 

 150,908 Chinese, 74,067 Indians, and Sakai (aboriginals) 1,739. Christianity was professed 

 by 10,447, Mahommedanism by 66,639 and Hinduism by 62,940. Chinese immigrants 

 numbered 46,598 and emigrants 24,512. There were 46,718 inhabitants (33,034 males, 

 13,684 females) in the capital, Kuala Lumpur, the largest town in the Federation. 



Births numbered 5,036 against 4,456 in 1910, the rate per mille being 16.943. Deaths 

 numbered 11,903 against 10,797 m 1910. The death rate was 40 per mille. 



Pasture and agriculture employed 88,388; mining, 56,073. 



The police force had a total of 68 1 of all ranks. 



There were 58 schools 49 Malay, i Tamil, i Chinese vernacular school maintained by 

 the government, and the remainder English-teaching schools in receipt of a grant-in-aia. 

 The average enrolment was 4,397 and the average attendance 3,837, compared with 4,092 

 and 3,615 respectively in 1910. Two girls' schools had an average attendance of 61. The 

 expenditure on education was $62,548. 



Total revenue (1911) 812,330,045; expenditure $8,715,718. The balance of assets 

 amounts to $27,073,607. A Chandu Monopoly Department was created on January I , 

 1911. Its total sales amounted to 67,067 tahils, and there was a net profit on the working 

 of the Department of 82,206,641. Land revenue was 695,906 as against 659,705 in 1910. 



The year was marked by an expansion in rubber, coco-nut and coffee production. There 

 were 413,499 acres alienated for agriculture, comprising 145,222 acres under rubber; coco-nuts, 

 33-355 acres; coffee, 9,575; rice, 4,312; and gambier, 746 acres. 253 estates produced 11,438,- 

 996 Ibs. of rubber. Forest reserves totalled 201, 265 acres. There were 71,353 acres alienated 

 for mining, mostly for tin. The recently discovered coal-field at Rawang promises well. A 

 manufacturing plant has been established at Batu Caves for high-class cement. 



Imports (1911) 830,196,834; exports 847,433,952. The principal exports were: rub- 

 ber, 823,852,273; tin and tin-ore, $21,724,430; copra, 8294,676; and wolfram $40,503. 



Ocean-going steamers using Port Swettenham numbered 469, against 448 in 1910, with 



