644 



40% went to the United Kingdom; France, Germany and the United States taking nearly 

 all the remainder in about equal proportions. The revenue rose from 485,000 in 1908-9 

 to over 700,000 in 1911-12. In the same period expenditure was approximately 700,000 

 each year. Up to 1912 grants in aid were made by the British treasury, the amount so 

 found in 1910-11 being 130,000. In 1912 the Protectorate became self-supporting. 



Traffic on the Uganda railway increased very rapidly, as a result of the great agricultural 

 development in Uganda as well as in the East Africa Protectorate. The total tonnage 

 handled advanced from 60,000 tons in 1909-10 to 77,000 tons in 1910-11 and 100,000 tons 

 in 1911-12. In 1912 nearly half a million passengers were carried; double the number of 

 three years previously. A new railway, 93 miles long, starting from the Uganda railway 282 

 miles from Mombasa was built in 1911-12 to the Magadi Soda Lake, which lies towards the 

 German frontier. It is owned by the company exploiting the soda, but worked by the 

 government. Another railway (30 m. long) was built from Nairobi N.E. to the Thika 

 river, opening up one of the best parts of the Highlands. The Imperial government made 

 in 1912 a loan of 750,000 towards railway improvements and the provision of a deep water 

 pier at Kilindini. On July 2, 1912 Mr. H. A. F. Currie, C.M.G. (b. 1866), who had been 

 manager of the Uganda Railway since 1903, died. He was succeeded (in Oct.) by Mr. H. B. 

 Taylor, Superintending Engineer, Indian State Railway. 



The passing of ten years since the first settler (Lord Delamere, the 3d baron) made the 

 Highlands his home has proved that climate and soil admirably suit the European constitu- 

 tion. The bulk of the farm work is done by the Kikuyu, a race which has distinct aptitude 

 for agriculture. The settlers were largely recruited from the upper and middle classes of 

 England, and by the end of the decade the Highlands were furnished with churches, schools, 

 roads, race courses, fenced farms and substantial farm houses, newspapers, etc. 



Sir J. Hayes Sadler, the governor, was in July 1909 succeeded by Sir Percy Girouard. 

 He achieved the somewhat difficult task of working in harmony with the white settlers, 

 who chafed under crown colony administration and the long delays in obtaining land 

 grants. In September 1911 the indignation of the whole white community was roused 

 by the deportation of Mr. Galbraith Cole (a pioneer settler and brother-in-law of Lord 

 Delamere) by order of the British Colonial Secretary. Mr. Cole, after vainly seeking 

 protection from native stock thieves, shot dead a Kikuyu caught sheep stealing who 

 attempted to escape. Tried at Nairobi for murder the jury had acquitted Mr. Cole with- 

 out leaving the box. One result of this episode was an endeavour by the administration 

 to afford the settlers better protection. On July 17, 1912 the resignation was announced 

 of Sir Percy Girouard, who had accepted an offer to join the engineering firm of 

 Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., in England. Mr. H. C. Belfield, the new governor, who 

 had served for 25 years in the Malay States, reached East Africa in October 1912. 



Uganda. 1 The delimitation of the western and south-western frontiers of the Ugan- 

 da protectorate, where they adjoin Belgian Congo and German East Africa, was com- 

 pleted in 1912. As a result a large tract of country north of Lake Kivu was brought 

 under British administration while that part of the protectorate west of Lake Albert was 

 handed over to Belgium. The area of the protectorate is now given as 117,681 sq. m. 



At the 1911 census the population was returned at 2,843,325, including an estimate 

 of 378,000 for natives in districts not under administrative control. The European, 

 population was 640 (including 203 government servants and 187 missionaries) ; Asiatics 

 numbered 2,216 (chiefly traders and clerks). The increase in population, despite the 

 ravages of sleeping sickness 2 was testimony to the prosperity of the country. The 

 Baganda (most of whom are Christians) totalled 558,000, the Banyora, the next largest 

 race, 270,000. Mengo had 32,441 inhabitants, Entebbe, on Victoria Nyanza, 9,569. 



The years 1909-12 witnessed an unexampled development of cotton growing, the firm 

 establishment of coffee plantations and a general expansion of trade. Besides cotton and 

 coffee there is a large trade in chillies and in hides and skins, and in 1911 plantation rubber, 

 as apart from wild rubber, first appeared in the export list. Wheat is grown in Toro and 

 on the foot-hills of Mt. Elgon. The cultivation of the cotton is almost entirely in the 

 hands of natives, the purchasing and collecting being the work mainly of Indians, while the 

 ginning and exporting is done by European firms. In 1912, as the result of three year 

 investigation, pure long staple varieties of cotton "Sunflower" and "Allen's Improved" 



1 See E. B. xxvii, 557 et scq. 



1 By 1910, in which year the deaths from the disease were 1,546, sleeping sickness had 

 been got under control. 



