CANADA 663 



CANADA 1 



Area. In 1911 the fifth decennial census was taken. The area is given as 3,729,- 

 665 sq. m. of land and water, 15,909 sq. m. less than in 1901, the reduction being 

 partly due to the Alaska award and partly to the new map measurements. 



The areas of the separate provinces in sq. m. are: Alberta, 255,285; British Columbia, 

 355,855; Manitoba, 73,731; New Brunswick, 27,985; Nova Scotia, 21,427; Ontario, 260,862; 

 Prince Edward Island, 2,184; Quebec, 351,873. The population per square mile was 1.93 

 in 1911, as against 1.44 in 1901; the corresponding figures for the provinces being as follows: 

 (1901 in parentheses) Alberta; 1.47 (.28), British Columbia 1.09 (.50), Manitoba, 6.18, 

 (3.46), New Brunswick, 12.61 (11.83), Nova Scotia, 22.98 (21.45), Ontario, 9.67 (8.37), 

 Prince Edward Island, 42.91 (47.27), Quebec, 5.69 (4.69), Saskatchewan, 1.95 (.36); in Yukon 

 and the North-West Territories there have been decreases. 



Population. The population of Canada according to the census of 1911 was 7,204,- 

 838, an increase of 1,833,523 since 1901 or 34.13 per cent. The following were the popu- 

 lations of provinces and territories, with the increase or decrease per cent since 1901 in 

 parentheses: Alberta, 374,663 (+413.08); British Columbia, 392,480 (+119.68); Mani- 

 toba, 455,614 (+78.52); New Brunswick, 351,889 (+6.27); Nova Scotia, 492,338 (+ 

 7.13); Ontario, 2,523,274 (+15.58); Prince Edward Island, 93,728 ( 9.23); Quebec, 

 2,002,712 (+21.46); Saskatchewan, 492,432 (+439.48); Yukon, 8,512 (68.73); North- 

 West Territories, 17,196 ( 15.79). 



The rural population in 1911 was 3,924,394 and the urban population 3,280,444, the 

 increase since 1901 being 17.16 per cent for the former and 62.25 P er cent f r the latter. In 

 Alberta the increase of rural population in the ten years was 180,327 and of urban 121,314. 

 In British Columbia the increase of rural population was 100,318 and of urban 113,505, and 

 in Manitoba the rural increase was 70,511 and the urban 129,892. New Brunswick lost 

 1,493 rural an d gained 22, 262 urban, while Nova Scotia lost 23, 981 rural and gained 56,745 

 urban. Ontario lost 52,184 rural and gained 392,511 urban, n Prince Edward Island gained 

 15 urban, but lost 9,546 rural. Quebec shows gains of both rural and urban population, 

 being 39,951 for the former and 313,863 for the latter. Saskatchewan also shows gains in 

 both classes, being 287,338 for the former and 113,815 for the latter. In Yukon the rural 

 loss was 13,430 and the urban loss 5,277. In the North- West Territories, whose population 

 is wholly rural, the loss was 2,933. 



The cities with populations exceeding . 24,000 in 1911 were: Montreal, 470,480; 

 Toronto, 376,538; Winnipeg 143,518; Vancouver, 100,401; Ottawa, 87,062; Hamilton, 

 81,969; Quebec, 78,190; Halifax, 46,619; London, 46,300; Calgary, 43,704; St. John, 

 42,511; Victoria, 31,660; Regina, 30,213; Edmonton, 24,900. 



The total Indian population of the Dominion on March 31, 1912, was 104,956, and 

 in addition there were 4,600 Eskimos within the confines of Canada, making a total na- 

 tive population of 109,556, a slight increase on the-previous year. Of the Indians 43,382 

 were in Ontario, Quebec and the Maritime Provinces, 36,793 in the three Prairie Prov- 

 inces and the northern territories, and 24,781 in British Columbia. 



Immigration. The total immigration to Canada during the fiscal year 1911-12 was 

 as follows: From the United Kingdom 138,121; U.S.A. 133,710; other countries 82,406; 

 For 1910-11 the total was 311,084 (British 123,013; U.S.A. 121,451), and for 1909-10,; 

 208,794 (British 59,790, U.S.A. 45,206). The British immigrants in 1911-12 included 

 96,806 English and Welsh; 32,988 Scotch; 8,327 Irish. 



Boundaries. Important measures, extending the boundaries of the provinces of 

 Quebec, Manitoba and Ontario, were passed by the Canadian parliament during the 

 session 1911-12. The boundary of Quebec was extended to include the whole of the 

 mainland north of her old boundary, excepting such territory over which Newfoundland 

 has lawful jurisdiction,, the additional territory being approximately 355,000 square 

 miles. The eastern boundary of Manitoba was extended northerly to the 6oth degree 

 of latitude, and the eastern boundary north-easterly to the point where the eighty-ninth 

 meridian of west longitude intersects the southern shore of Hudson's Bay, an addition of 

 about 178,100 square miles. Additional territory to the north was also given to Ontario, 

 amounting to approximately 146,500 square miles.: This arrangement gave to Mani- 

 toba possession of the two ports on the Hudson's Bay Fort Churchill and Port Nelson. 



1 See E. B. v, 142 et seq. 



