AUSTRALIA 697 



captain of the Australian eleven in 1880, and in the historic test match of that year made 

 153 not out (see E. B. vii, 4440). He was captain of the Australian eleven in 1882 and 1884. 

 From 1893 to 1899 he lived in England and played for Sussex; and, returning to Australia, 

 he played for New South Wales. 



In 1912 the following well-known Australians died: 



GEORGE JOHN BONNOR, the cricketer; d. at Sydney on the 28th June. Born in 1855 in 

 Victoria, he first went to England as a cricketer in 1 880, attracting special attention by his 

 unusual height and strength. He played for Australia again in England in 1882, 1884, 1886 

 and 1888 (see E. B. vii, 4440). 



JAMES FRANCIS CORBETT, Roman Catholic Bishop of Sale, Victoria; d. in Melbourne on 

 the 29th May. He was born at Limerick in 1840, and educated in France. After a few 

 years spent in Ireland as a priest he went to Melbourne as secretary to Archbishop Goold. 

 He acted as Assistant Secretary to the Primary Australian Synod of his church in 1885, and 

 in 1887 was consecrated first Bishop of Sale. 



SIR MATTHEW HENRY DAVIES, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Victoria from 1887 

 to 1892; b. 1850; d. November 26th. 



JOHN HUGHES, member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales, was born at Syd- 

 ney in 1857, and died i8th December. He was Vice- President of the Executive Council in 

 1898-99 and again from 1904 to 1910. In 1899 he was for a few months Minister of Justice. 



MARTIN Howv IRVING, a prominent educationist; d. at Albury in Surrey, England, on 

 the 23rd July. The son of Edward Irving (see E. B. xiv, 854b), the founder of the " Catholic 

 Apostolic Church," he was born in 1831. After leaving Balliol College, Oxford, he was for 

 a year a master at the City of London School, but went to Australia and was appointed to 

 the Chair of Classics and English at Melbourne University. In 1876 he became head master 

 of the Hawthorn Grammar School, and in 1884 commissioner of the new constituted Public 

 Service Board. He was also for some years chairman of the Melbourne board of the Austral- 

 ian Mutual Provident Society, and a promoter of the volunteer movement. 



SAMUEL EDWARD MARSDEN, former Bishop of New South Wales, d. at Clifton, England, 

 on the I5th October. He was born at Sydney, N.S.W. in 1832, and educated privately and 

 at Trinity College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1855 and in 1 86 1 was appointed diocesan 

 inspector of schools for Worcester. In 1869 he was consecrated Bishop of New South Wales, 

 and held the see till 1885. After his retirement he returned to England and became assistant 

 bishop in the diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. 



RICHARD O'CONNOR, Judge of the High Court, d. at Sydney, on the i8th of November. 

 Born at Sydney in 1851, he gradually made a position at the N.S.W. Bar, and entered the 

 state legislature; and he was an enthusiastic supporter of the movement for Federation. 

 When this was accomplished in 1901, he became vice-president of the Council and leader of 

 the Federal Senate; and in 1903 he was made a judge of the new High Court. From 1905 to 

 1908 he was president of the new Court of Conciliation and Arbitration. 



SIR WILLIAM OWEN, formerly Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales; b. 1834; 

 d. November 22. 



NEW SOUTH WALES 



The area of New South Wales is now computed at 309,472 square miles. The state 

 has progressed rapidly since Federation. The population in 1900 was 1,364,590 and in 1911 

 1,646,734. During the same period the area under cultivation grew from 2,445,564 to 

 4,611,672 acres. In 1908 N.S.W. re-established a system of state-aided immigration. 

 Its net gain from immigration was, however, only 438 in 1911. But since then the increase 

 has been greater. The city of Sydney has shown a remarkable growth since Federation, 

 and in 1912 a "Million Club" was formed to foster the growth of the city to 1,000,000 

 inhabitants. The estimated population in 1911 was 629,500. 



At the General Election of 1910 the Labour party carried the day and Mr. J. C. T. 

 McGowan formed a ministry which still held office at the end of 1912. Parties are very 

 evenly divided, and the years 1911 and 1912 were marked by perpetual political fighting 

 and very little legislative work. By securing from a member of the Opposition acceptance 

 of the office of Speaker the Government was able to make its position more secure (his vote, 

 of course, was lost to the Opposition), and this incident led to many remarkable scenes of 

 disorder and violence in the House. An incident of the political situation has been a growth 

 of unfriendly feeling between the state Government and the Federal Government. The 

 state Government in 1912 decided that the Government House building could no longer be 

 reserved for the use of the Federal Governor General. In consequence the Governor Gen- 

 eral will not live in Sydney in future during the Parliamentary recess. 



Lord Chelmsford, appointed in 1909, was still Governor in 1912, but Sir Gerald Strickland 

 was nominated in October to succeed him in 1913. 



VICTORIA 



Since Federation the population has increased from 1,197,206 to 1,337,678. State-aided 

 immigration was re-established in 1908 and a vigorous policy of closer settlement has been 

 adopted. Victoria is now the most forward of all the states in encouraging immigrants. 



