7I4 UNITED STATES STATISTICS 



The other groups did not change in rank. South Atlantic, third; West North Central, 

 fourth; New England, seventh; Pacific, eighth; and Mountain, ninth. 



The average density of population in 1910 was 30.9 persons to the square mile nearly 

 thrice that (10.6) in 1 860. The variations in different parts of the country are great; from 

 3.1 persons to the square mile in the Mountain Group (0.7 in Nevada) a much smaller 

 density in rgio than that (4.5) for the original thirteen states in 1790 to 193.2 in the Middle 

 Atlantic states (337.7 in k New Jersey), 418.8 in Massachusetts and 508.5 in Rhode Island. 

 The greatest density is in the District of Columbia (i.e., Washington) 5,517.8. 



The centre of population in 1910 was in Bloomington, Indiana (39 10' 12" N. lat.; 86 

 32' 20" W. long.), or rather over 39 miles north of where it was in 1900; in 1790 it was 23 m. 

 E. of Baltimore, only 6' 18" further north, but about 557 m. to the east. The median point 

 of area of "Continental United States" is 657 m. further west and about 50 m. to the north, 

 In Smith county, northern Kansas. 



The number of males to 100 females was 106 in 1910 (104.4 m 1900; increase due to immi- 

 gration), and the variation in different parts of the country was marked; 99.3 in New Eng- 

 land, but 127.9 m the Mountain states and 129.5 in the Pacific states. More illuminating 

 is the ratio of males to 100 females in different "nativities" and colours of the population: 

 98.9 among negroes; 1 99.5 among native whites of foreign parentage; 104 among native whites 

 of native parentage; 129.2 among foreign whites; and 185 among all others mostly Asiatics 

 and temporary immigrants. These ratios differ little from those in 1900. In the West the 

 ratios in each state were much higher than this average. Five states, comparatively the 

 older communities, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maryland, and North and South Carolina, 

 and the District of Columbia, had in 1910 more females than males. New Hampshire, 

 New York, New Jersey, Virginia and Georgia, also of the earlier-settled territory were in 

 this group in 1900 but not in 1910. In 1910 the males of voting age numbered 26,999,151, 

 or 29.4% of the total population (in 1900, 21,134,299; or 27.8%). 



In the decade 1900-10 the rate of increase of the white population was 22.3% and that 

 of the negro population 1 1.3 %, the former a little more and the latter a great deal less than 

 the rate (21 %) for the entire population. So that the white population increased relatively 

 from 87.9 % to 88.9 % of the total population, and the negroes decreased from 1 1.6 % to 10.7 % 

 (8,833,994 i 1900; 9,828,294 in 1910). In 1910 the Indian population was 265,683 (237,196 

 in 1900); the Chinese, 70,944 (89,863 in 1900); and the Japanese, 71,722, nearly thrice the 

 number (24,326) in 1900. The percentage of whites was highest in New England (98.9%; 

 in New Hampshire, 99.8 %) and lowest in the South Atlantic group (66.2 %), \yhere, however, 

 it was higher than in 1900 (64.2); and, for any one state, lowest in Mississippi (43.7; in 1900, 

 4-1 -3%)- The relative decrease in the negro population is not due merely to the more rapid 

 increase of population in the North, for there was such a decrease throughout the South 

 Atlantic states, where they were 35.7% in 1900 and only 33.7% in 1910, and in Mississippi 

 (58.5 and 56.2) and Alabama (45.2 and 42.5). In the South Atlantic states the highest 

 percentage of negroes was in South Carolina, 58.4 in 1900 and 55.2 in 1910. In the New 

 England and Middle Atlantic groups, manufacturing States fed by constant immigration, 

 the whites of foreign birth and of foreign parentage made up more than one-half the total 

 (59% New England; 53.9% Middle Atlantic). The Pacific states, with their strong appeal 

 to the immigrant, come next with 45.7% (48.5 in California). The New England and 

 Middle Atlantic states rank highest in both foreign-parentage and foreign-birth, i.e., in the 

 immigration of the last and present generations. The East and West North Central states 

 (28% and 27.6% of foreign parentage) rank next highest in the immigration of the last 

 generation; and the Pacific states (20.6% of foreign-born whites) next in more recent immi- 

 gration. In the South the foreign element is small: 6% (3.6 foreign-parentage and 2.4 

 foreign-born) in the South Atlantic states (only 1. 1 % in South Carolina); 3.6 % (2.6 and l) in 

 East South Central (only 1.6 in Mississippi and 2.4% in Alabama); and 10.9% (6.9 and 4) 

 in West South Central (3.4 in Arkansas). 



Immigration. Immigration is more and more from southern and eastern Europe. Aus- 

 tria-Hungary, Italy and Russia supplied one-sixteenth of the immigrants in 1871-80, one- 

 sixth in the next decade, one-half in the next and nearly two-thirds in 1901-10. In 1910 

 the percentage to the total population of foreign-birth from Russia and Finland was 12.8 

 (6.3 in 1900), from Austria-Hungary 12.4 (6.2 in 1900), and from Italy 10.1 (4.7 in 1900). 

 In 1900 there were 8,513 Greeks; in 1910 101,100. Although there were large percentages 

 in 1910 of foreign-born whites from Germany (18.7), from Ireland (lo.l), from the Scandina- 

 vian countries (9.4), from Great Britain (9.2) and from Canada and Newfoundland (9), this 

 is much less important than the fact that these percentages were smaller than in 1900, when 

 they were 27.5, 15.8, 10.4, 11.4 and 11.5, respectively. In mill work Slavs and Armenians 

 are employed where, a generation ago, there were Irish and French-Canadians; and in 

 small shops, especially in the East, Greeks are rapidly displacing the Italians, who were 

 themselves new-comers, in the sale of fruit and in the ownership of boot-blacking and small 

 barber shops fifteen years ago. 



1 This proportion is not typically American, but is nearer the ratio in Europe. 



