UNITED STATES STATISTICS 719 



of 1907) or 1909. The decrease as compared with 1910 was $72,584,882 and this was more 

 than covered by the decrease in pig-iron, 1 which was $84,827,862. The same item explains 

 the decrease ($75,611,118) in the value of all metals from $747,790,718 in 1910 to $672,179,- 

 600. In other words, apart from pig iron, there was an actual increase from 1910 to 1911 of 

 $12,278,980 in the value of all other mineral products, and of $9,216,744 in the value of all 

 other metals. The difference between these two increases, about $3,050,000, is the increase 

 in the value of non-metals in the year; and it is to be noted that this increase was in spite of 

 a decrease of $18,104,235 in the value of bituminous coal, so that, apart from bituminous 

 coal, there was in the year an increase of $21.155,000, approximately. 2 



Metals. Of pig iron the output in 1911 was 23,257,288 tons (one-eighth less than in 1910), 

 valued at $327,334,624 (one-fifth less). The average price per ton was $14.07 in 1911, 

 $15.57 m I9 IO > $16.25 in 1909, $20.56 in 1907. Even greater was the decrease in iron 

 ore marketed: in 1911, 40,989,808 tons (nearly one-fourth less than in 1910), valued at $86,- 

 419,830 (more than three-eighths less), the decrease in average price per ton being marked. 



Second in value of the metals was copper, 1,097,232,749 Ibs., valued at $137,154,092 

 (quantity 1.58% more, value 0.02% less, than in 1910; about one-seventh more in quantity 

 and one-eleventh less in value than_the average for the five years, 1905-09). In copper and 

 in iron the United States outranked any other country. 



The output of gold was 4,687,053 : oz., valued at $96,890,000 (f of I % more than in 1910). 

 The value of silver, $32,615,700, was 5.71 % more than in 1910, but was nearly 2 % less than 

 the average for the five years, 1905-09. 



Ranking immediately above and below silver in value among the metals were lead and 

 zinc, respectively, with 406,148 tons ($36,553,320, -one-ninth more than in 1910) and 271,621 

 tons ($30,964,794, nearly one-seventh increase). This is exclusive of antimonial lead, 

 14,078 tons, valued at $1,380,556 (3% increase). 



The only other metals of importance were: aluminium (consumed), 46,125,000 Ibs. (one- 

 thirtieth less than in 1910), valued at $8,084,000 (nearly one-tenth less); quicksilver, valued 

 at $977,989 (2 % increase); tin, $56,635 (two and a half times as much as in 1910); and plati- 

 num, $40,890 (three-fifths increase). 



Fuels. Of the non-metals, and of all the minerals by far the most valuable was coal 

 with an output of 496,221,168 tons (501,596,378 tons in 1910), valued at $626,366,876 ($629,- 

 557,021 in 1910). The U.S. Geological Survey divides this total between Pennsylvania an- 

 thracite and bituminous coal (including brown coal,' lignite and anthracite mined in other 

 states than Pennsylvania). Using "bituminous coal" to include all this, the value was 

 $451,177,484 (3.86% less than in 1910: see above) and the output, 405,757,101 tons (2.72% 

 less). There was an increase (7.08 % in quantity and 9.31 % in value) in the output of Penn- 

 sylvania anthracite, 80,771,488 tons, $175,139,392. Not so large was the increase (5.2% 

 in quantity and 4.8% in value) in petroleum; the output was 220,449,391 bbls., valued at 

 $134,044,752. Other fuels were, coke, 35,551,489 tons, valued at $84,130,849 (nearly one- 

 sixth less than in 1910); natural gas, $74,127,534 (4.76% increase); and peat, $272,114. 



Structural Materials. Third in value, to coal and iron, were clay products, $162,236,- 

 181 (4.63% less than in 1910, but considerably more than the average for 1905-09), The 

 more valuable building materials were: stone, $77,108,567 (0.77% more than in 1910, but 

 about one-seventh more than the five-year average) and cement, 79,547.958 bbls. (2.27 % 

 more than in 1910), valued at $66,705,136 (nearly 3 % less than in 1910). Almost all of this 

 (78,528,637 bbls.; value, $66,248,817) was Portland cement. Natural cement was valued 

 at $378,533 and puzzolan at $77,786. Minor building materials were: sand and gravel, 

 $19,614,850; lime, 3,392,887 tons, valued at $13,688,970 (2.83 % less than in 1910, but nearly 

 one-eighth more than the five-year average); gypsum $6,462,035 (a very little less than in 

 1910); slate, $5,728,019 (one-twelfth less than in 1910;; glass sand, $1,543,733 (1.78% more 

 than in 1910); and sand-lime brick, $897,664 (nearly one-quarter less than in 1910). 



Chemical Materials. The output of phosphate rock was 3,053,279 tons (15% more than 

 in 1910), valued at $11,900,693 (9% increase). The value of salt was $8,345,692 (5.64% 

 increase over 1910); of sulphur, $4,787,049 (4% increase); of sulphuric acid, $2,733,696, 

 first reported in 1911 from fumes of copper and zinc smelters; of pyrite, $1,164,871 (nearly 

 one-fifth increase); of borax, $1,569,151 (three-tenths increase); of fluorspar, $611,447 (two- 

 fifths increase); of calcium chloride, $91,215 (two-ninths increase); of bromine, $110,902 

 (more than thrice that of 1910); and of arsenious oxide $73,408 (two-fifths more than in 1910; 

 value more than twice as great). The Geological Survey is making an elaborate search for 

 potash salts, drilling for saline residues at great depths and examining brines, alunites and 

 igneous rocks. The Soils Bureau of the department of agriculture is studying the kelps of 

 the Pacific Coast, for the same purpose, and is making a field survey of arid lands. 

 . Pigments. Mineral paints were valued at $7,842,583 (3^ times as much as in 1910). 



1 Pig-iron and not iron ore is the basis of valuation adopted by the United States Geolog- 

 ical Survey and the value of iron ore is not included in the total value of minerals given here. 



2 Exact figures are not given because the Geological Survey does not make "metals" and 

 "non-metals" the only classes, but adds "unspecified products," mostly rare metals. 



