7 2 o UNITED STATES STATISTICS 



This excludes zinc oxide, not separately reported in 191 1, but valued at $5,238,945 in 1910 

 and $6,156,755 in 1909. Crude barytes was valued at 8122,792, a little more than in 1910. 



Abrasives. Artificial abrasives were valued at $1,493,040, about one-fourteenth less than 

 in 1910. Grindstones were worth $907,316, about one-seventh less than in 1910; oilstones 

 and whetstones, $214,991, less than in 1910 or than the average for the five-year period; and 

 abrasive garnet, $121,748. 



Miscellaneous. The output of asphalt (including bitumens and hydrocarbons not classi- 

 fied as petroleum) was 360,004 tons (almost two-fifths more than in 1910), valued at $3,828,- 

 751 (one-fourth more than in 1910, and over double the annual average in 1905-09). 

 Other products valued at 500,000 or more were: mineral waters, $6,837,888 (7% increase); 

 talc and soapstone, $1,032,732 (one-fifth increase) and fibrous talc, $613,286 (about 

 16% decrease); bauxite, $750,649 (4.8% increase), and felspar, $579,008 (15% increase). 



MANUFACTURES. In " continental " United States (excluding Alaska) there were 

 in 1909 268,491 manufacturing establishments (29.4% more than in 1899), which 

 employed 7,678,578 persons, of whom 6,615,046 were wage-earners (40.4% increase); 

 had a capital of $18,428,270,000 (105.3% increase); and manufactured products with 

 a gross value of $20,672,052,000 (81.2% increase) and a net value (gross, less cost of 

 materials) of $8,530,261,000 (76.6% increase). The increase in value, gross or net, 

 must be interpreted with the increase of prices in view, or its meaning will be ex- 

 aggerated. 



The ten leading manufacturing states, ranked according to the gross value of pro- 

 ducts, and with the percentage of the total contributed by each, were: New York, 16.3; 

 Pennsylvania, 12.7; Illinois, 9.3; Massachusetts, 7.2; Ohio, 7; New Jersey, 5.5; Michigan, 

 3.3; Wisconsin, 2.9; Indiana, 2.8, and Missouri, 2.8. (See the separate state articles.) 

 The three Middle Atlantic states reported more than one-third (34.5%), the East North 

 Central states about one-fourth (25.2%) and the New England states, more than one- 

 eighth (12.9%), a total of nearly three-fourths (72.6%) of the total gross value of the 

 country. Ranked on the same basis the ten leading cities in 1909 were: New York, 

 Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Cleveland, Detroit, Pittsburg, Boston, Buffalo, 

 and Milwaukee. The total gross value of manufactures from these ten cities was more 

 than $5,800,000,000, nearly three-tenths of the total for the nation. In 50 cities 

 which had 100,000 or more inhabitants the value of manufactures was more than two- 

 fifths (42.3%) of the total; and the 603 cities over 10,000 contributed nearly seven- 

 tenths of the total product value, employed nearly two-thirds of the wage-earners in 

 manufactories, and contained more than half the establishments, although their com- 

 bined population was only three-eighths that of the entire country. 



Chief Industries. The largest single industry, according to the census classification and 

 judged by gross product, was slaughtering and meat packing with one-fifteenth of the total 

 product value and more than one-half increase in the decade. Second of the single industries 

 is that of foundries and machine shops, with nearly 6% of the total product value, in 1909; 

 with this industry should be mentioned iron and steel from steel works and rolling mills 

 (4.8% of the total) and iron and steel from blast furnaces (1.9%). Third in value was lum- 

 ber and timber (5.6% of the total), with a product more than one-half greater than in 1899 

 Flour and grist mill products were valued at one twenty fourth of the total product value 

 The more important textile products were: cotton goods (3 % of the total), woollen, worsted 

 and felt goods (2.1 %), hosiery and knit goods (i %) and silk goods (i %). The value of men's 

 clothing was 2.7% and of women's clothing 1.9%, of the total of all industries; that of boots 

 and shoes, 2.5%; that of tobacco, 2%; that of cars and shop construction by steam railway 

 companies, 2%, and by other manufacturers 0,6%. A metallurgical group of industries 

 includes: copper smelting and refining (l.8%), lead smelting and refining (0.8 %), copper, tin 

 and sheet iron products (i %), and brass and bronze products (0.7%). Malt liquors are re- 

 ported as 1.8% and distilled liquors as i % of the total; but a Federal revenue tax, included 

 in the reported value, makes it misleading. Other items, all valued at more than $100,000,- 

 ooo, with the per cent of the total for each, were: leather (1.6 %) and leather goods (0.5%); 

 sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar (1.4%); butter, cheese and condensed milk 

 (1.3%); paper and wood pulp (1.3 %); automobiles (i.2 0/ ) and wagons and carriages (0.8%); 

 furniture (1.2%); refined petroleum (l.i%); electrical machinery (l.l%); illuminating and 

 heating gas (0.8%); canning and preserving (0.7%); cottonseed oil and cake (0.7%) and 

 agricultural implements (0.7%). 



Of the manufactures specifically named in the preceding paragraph only one, smelting 

 and refining of lead, showed a decrease (9.9 %) in the gross value between 1904 and 1909, and 

 only two others, sugar and molasses, and wagons and carriages, a decrease in the value added 



