UNITED STATES ARMY AND NAVY 727 



suggested an actual increase in the bulk of the coined dollar. Professor Fisher's plan 

 would increase the bulk of the " uncoined dollar " without changing the coin dollar, 

 once or repeatedly; and would substitute for the present uncoined dollar of fixed 

 weight an uncoined dollar of variable weight but would make the coined dollar of fixed 

 instead of variable value. 



' ARMY. At the close of 1912 the regular army, limited by law to a maximum enlisted 

 strength of 100,000, included 4,781 active commissioned officers (including 244 detached line 

 officers, 127 first lieutenants of the Medical Reserve Corps and 60 dental surgeons) and 

 81,547 enlisted men, excluding provisional force and hospital corps. The branches of the 

 force were: cavalry, 15 regiments with 765 officers and 13,823 men; field artillery, 6 regiments, 

 with 252 officers and 5,417 men; coast artillery corps, 170 companies, with 715 officers and 

 18,471 men; infantry, 30 regiments, 1,530 officers arid 30,340 men; Porto Rico infantry, I 

 regiment, 32 officers and 591 men; Indian scouts, recruits, etc., 7 officers and 8,142 men; 

 native Filipino scouts, 52 companies, 180 officers and 5,732 men; and engineers, 3 battalions, 

 1,942 men. The estimated strength of the prganised state militia for the same year was 9,437 

 commissioned officers and 112,940 men. 



The army is organised in four divisions: Eastern, including departments of the East and 

 of the Gulf; Central, including departments of the Lakes, of the Missouri and of Texas; 

 Western, including departments of California, of the Columbia (with Alaska) and of Hawaii; 

 and Philippines, including departments of Luzon and Mindanao. There were 154 garrisoned 

 posts and sub-posts, including two military prisons (Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, and Alcatraz, 

 California) and the Walter Reed General Hospital at Washington, D.C. 



By Act of Congress of August 24, 1912, the term of enlistment after November I, 1912 

 was increased from three years to seven, of which the active service is four years and the 

 other three years are in the Army Reserve (thus established) on furlough without pay. 

 After four years' service an enlisted man may re-enlist for seven years, with higher pay; and 

 after three years' service he may upon request be furloughed and put on the Reserve. - After 

 two years' service enlisted men, unmarried and under 30 years of age, may take examinations 

 for promotion to second lieutenant. Enlisted men, retired after 30 years' service, receive 

 three-fourths pay and $15-75 a month. The Army Appropriation Bill, carrying a clause aimed 

 at Major-General Leonard Wood, Chief of Staff, and making him ineligible for this office, was 

 vetoed by the President on June 17, 1912, and an appropriation measure without this clause 

 was finally passed. There was a strong effort in the House, which did not succeed, to reduce 

 the number of cavalry regiments from 15 to 10. On February 15, 1912, Adjutant-General 

 Fred C. Ainsworth was removed from office by the President's order, pending trial for in- 

 subordination; on. the l6th he was placed upon the retired list, on his own application. Gen. 

 Ainsworth opposed the reorganisation scheme suggested by Major-General Leonard Wood, 

 Chief of Staff. The opponents of the chief of staff in Congress and the friends of the adjutant- 

 general demanded an investigation, and the committee on military affairs of the House of 

 Representatives (House resolution 415, Feb. 23, 1912) asked the Secretary of War for all 

 records in the case. In sending these records to the House the Secretary said that he had 

 been directed by the President that their transmittal was "not to be construed as a recogni- 

 tion of the authority or jurisdiction of the House ... to require of the Chief Executive a 

 statement of the reasons of his official action in such matters or of a disclosure of the evidence 

 upon which such official action is based." The majority report of the Committee . (Report 

 No. 508, 62nd Congress, 2nd Session) objected to the attitude of the Executive and declared 

 that the Secretary of War had flagrantly abused his official authority; a minority report 

 (Part 2 of same document) defended the President, the Secretary of War and the Chief of 

 Staff, and criticised the adjutant-general. . .-.v 



The movement, especially strong in 1911 and 1912, to pay state militia from Federal funds 

 is blocked by a technicality the constitutional provision that militia shall not be required 

 to serve beyond the limits of the United States. A bill has been prepared authorising the 

 president to transfer to the army state militias in time of war or when war threatens, and 

 providing for their payment. 



In 1912 the principal administrative officers of the army were: .Henry Lewis Stimson, 

 secretary of war; Robert Shaw Oliver, assistant secretary of war; Major-General Leonard 

 Wood, chief of the general staff; Brigadier-General George Andrews, adjutant-general, suc- 

 cessor to F. C. Ainsworth in 1912; Brigadier-General E. A. Garlington, inspector-general; 

 Brigadier-General E. H. Crowder, judge-advocate general; Brigadier-General J. B. Aleshire, 

 quartermaster-general; Brigadier-General H. G. Sharpe, commissary-general;. Brigadier- 

 General G. H. Torney, surgeon-general; Brigadier-General George R. Smith, pay-master 

 general, succeeding C. H. Whipple in 1912; Brigadier-General William H. Bixby, chief of 

 engineers; Brigadier-General William Crozier, chief of ordnance; Brigadier-General James 

 Allen, chief signal officer; Brigadier-General Frank Mclntyre, chief of bureau of insular 

 affairs, succeeding C. R. Edwards in 1912. 



NAVY. The principal vessels of the American navy, in service, under construction and 

 authorised, may be classified as follows: first class battleships, 38; armoured cruisers, 12; 



