ALABAMA 7 6 5 



in Egypt, investigating Semitic traditions in regard to that country, and attempting to 

 identify localities mentioned in the Bible. In 1882, he discovered the depression in the 

 desert now known as the Wadi Raiyan and advocated unsuccessfully its use as a storage 

 reservoir for the water of the Nile. The khedive granted him the Mejidieh order for his 

 efforts in behalf of Nile regulation, and he was also a commander of the Osmanieh order. 



Ozi William Whitaker, Protestant Episcopal bishop, died February 9, 1911. He was 

 born at New Salem, Mass., May 10, 1830, and was ordained deacon and priest, in 1863, 

 after graduation from the General Theological Seminary. After serving two years as rector 

 at Gold Hill, Nev., he held a charge in Englewood, N. J., but returned to Nevada in 1867, 

 and was rector at Virginia City for two years. He was then (1869) consecrated missionary 

 bishop of Nevada, and became assistant bishop of Pennsylvania in 1886. In 1887 he 

 succeeded Bishop Stevens. He laboured assiduously for^the extension of the diocese until 

 failing eye-sight compelled him to relinquish the charge in* 1910. 



Wilbur Wright, aeronaut, died at Dayton, Ohio, on May 30, 1912. He was born near 

 Millville, Indiana, on April 16, 1867, and was the son of Milton Wright, a bishop of the 

 United Brethren in Christ. He was educated in the high schools of Richmond, Indiana, and 

 Dayton, Ohio. He and his brother, Orville, were early interested in problems of flying, and 

 about 1900 began experiments on the coast of North Carolina in "gliding" from some high 

 points. In 1903 they ventured to fit a petrol motor to their machine, and at the end of the 

 year accomplished a flight of 260 yds., the first successful experiment of the kind with a 

 motor-propelled aeroplane. On October 5, 1905, they established a record by flying 245 

 miles at a speed of 38 miles an hour. They unsuccessfully tried to sell their patents to some 

 one who would develop them, without any public exhibition. They were therefore obliged 

 to come out into the open, and Wilbur went to France, where his great flight of 56 miles on 

 September 21, 1908, established his fame. He set up a school at Pau and trained pupils. 

 On December 3ist of that year he flew 77 miles, remaining 2 hrs. 20 min. in the air. After 

 that his advice and his machines were] in great demand. He visited Italy and England in 

 1909, and on his return to America devoted himself to tests, which resulted in the sale to the 

 War Department of a machine for $30,000. From then till his death he worked mainly on 

 the mechanical side of the business. 



Walter Wyman, physician, died November 21, 1911. He was born at St. Louis. Mo., 

 August 17, 1848, and graduated at Amherst College (1870) and the St. Louis Medical College 

 (1873). He entered the Marine Hospital Service in 1876. His career was one of great 

 activity in promoting better sanitary conditions among seamen and the prevention of 

 epidemics, and he established the first government sanatorium for consumptives, at Fort 

 Stanton, N. M. After 1902 he was surgeon-general of the U.S. public health and marine 

 hospital service. He was instrumental in securing the government regulation of serums, 

 toxins, etc., and the establishment of a leprosy investigation station in Hawaii. 



ALABAMA l 



Population (1910), 2,138,093 (16.9% more than in 1900); average number per sq. m. 

 4 1 -? (.35-7 m 1900). Of the total 56.6% were native whites (1.5% native whites of 

 foreign parentage), 0.9% foreign-born whites, and 42.5% negroes (45.2% in 1900). 

 In ii counties running from East to West across the central part of the state (the 

 " black belt "), negroes made up 75% or more of the population, and in 10 others 50% 

 or more. Negroes constituted 42.3% of the urban population (45.3% in 1900), and 

 42.5% (4 5. 2% in 1900) of the rural, including towns of less than 2,500. The " rural " 

 population was 82.7% of the total. The cities with 2,500 inhabitants or over were: 

 Birmingham, 132,685; Mobile, 51,521; Montgomery, 38,136; Selma, 13,649; Anniston, 

 12,794; Bessemer, 10,864; Gadsden, 10,557, Tuscaloosa, 8,407; Huntsville (town), 

 7,611; Dothan, 7,016; Florence, 6,689; New Decatur, 6,118; Talladega, 5,854. 



Agriculture. In 1900-1910 the number of farms increased 17.8% and the acreage of 

 improved land 12 %, although the total area of farm land increased only 0.2%. The average 

 number of acres in a farm was 92.7 in 1900 and only 78.9 in 1910. The value of farm 

 property increased from $179,399,882 to $370,138,429 ($216,944,175 land; $71,309,416 

 buildings; $16,290,004 implements; and $65,594,834 domestic animals). In 1910 the 

 average value of farm land per acre was $10.46; and 60.2% (in 1890 48.6%) of the farms 

 were operated by tenants. 



In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the state ranked below Texas and Georgia in production 

 of cotton 1,330,000 bales (173 Ibs. per A.). Other crops were; Indian corn, 54,180,000 bu. 

 (3,150,000 A.); wheat, 318,000 bu. (30,000 A.); oats, 5,200,000 bu. (260,000 A.) rye, 12,000 

 bu. (1,000 A.); rice, 9,000 bu. (300 A.); potatoes, 1,215,000 bu. (15,000 A.); hay, 261,000 tons 

 (209,000 A.); and tobacco, 225,000 Ibs. (300 A.). In 1909 (U. S. Census) the value of all 

 vegetables (excluding potatoes) was $5,379,577 (69,468 A.) and of orchard fruits, $1,818,508 



1 See E. B. i, 459 et seq. 



