7 68 ARIZONA 



The school population in 1912 was 727,297 (399,273 white; 328,024' negro); the enroll- 

 ment, 445,105 (298,648 white; 146,457 negro); and the percentage of full time attendance 

 61 for whites and 59 for negroes. The average school term was 132 days for whites and 96 

 for negroes. The receipts for schools were $3, 703, 711 and the expenditures, $3,547,955- 



History, For several years preceding 1912, the most prominent question in local 

 politics was that of the prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors. The administra- 

 tion which came into office in January 1911, and especially Governor Emmet O'Neal 

 (b. 1853; his father Edward A. O'Neal was governor in 1882-86), was opposed to state- 

 wide prohibition and enacted the Parks county option law. In February 1911 a negro 

 who had accosted a white woman was lynched after being taken from officers on the way 

 to the Eufaula jail; and on April 2, 1911, a negro accused of rape was taken from the sheriff 

 of Bullock county and was lynched near Union Springs. Governor O'Neal preferred 

 charges against the sheriff, who had said that he was kidnapped in daylight. He was 

 removed from office (May 25, 1911). In 1912 a negro was lynched at Bessemer (Jan. 

 28th), one at Male's Station (Aug. $th), one near Gadsden (Aug. 28th), one at Wetumpka 

 (Nov. 1 8th) and one at Butler (Dec. 7th), all for murder. An international conference 

 on the negro was held at Tuskegee, April 17-19, 1912. There was no state election in 191 1 ; 

 the election in November 1912 resulted in a large majority for Woodrow Wilson for pres- 

 ident (82,440 votes to 22,680 for Roosevelt, 9,730 for Taft and 3,029 for Debs, who re- 

 ceived 1,399 m I 98), and in the choice of the regular Democratic nominees for members 

 of the Federal House of Representatives, 10 under the new apportionment, instead of 9 as 

 formerly. In the Democratic National Convention the state delegates had supported for 

 the presidential nomination Oscar W. Underwood (b. 1862), one of the congressmen from 

 Alabama, who had won national prominence as the leader of the Democrats in the House 

 of Representatives. John Hollis Bankhead (b. 1842), who had succeeded John T. Morgan 

 as United States senator in 1907, was re-elected in January 1911 for the term 1913-19. 



Bibliography. Laws (2 vols. Montgomery, 1911) and other official reports. 



ARIZONA 1 



Population (1910) 204,354, 66.2% more than in 1900. Density 1.8 per sq. m. (i.i 

 in 1900). Foreign-born whites constituted 22.9% of the total (in 1900, 18.2%); native 

 whites 61% (more than one-third born of foreign parents); negroes i %, Indians and 

 Asiatics 15.1 %. Nine cities and towns each with 2,500 or more contained 31 % of the 

 total; in 1900 the four such places contained 15.9%. Thirteen cities and towns with 

 less than 2,500 each, made up 8% of the 1910 total; ten made up 7.2 % of the 1900 total. 

 The largest municipalities in 1910 were: Tucson, 13,193 (7,531 in. 1900); Phoenix, 

 11,134 (5,544 in 1900); Bisbee, 9,019; Globe, 7,083 (incorporated 1907); Douglas, 6,437 

 (inc., 1905); Prescott, 5,092 (3,559 in 1900); Clifton 4,874 (inc. 1909); Nogales, 3,514 

 (1,761 in 1900); Yuma, 2,914 (inc. 1902). 



Agriculture. In Arizona agriculture is more and more intensive; the acreage in farms 

 decreased from 1,935,327 to 1,246,613 between 1900 and 1910, but the improved land in 

 farms increased from 254,521 to 350,173 acres; the average farm acreage fell from 333.2 

 to 135.1, and the value of the farm property increased from $29,993,847 to $75,123,970 

 ($42,349,737, land; $4,935,573, buildings; $1,787,790, implements; and $26,050,870, domestic 

 animals). Of the land area about 1.7% was in farms in 1910. The average value of farm 

 land per acre was $33.97. In four counties crossed by the Gila river Maricopa, Graham, 

 Yuma and Final there is the largest use of irrigation. The total acreage irrigated in 1909 

 was 320,051 (62.2% more than in 1899); of this total 307,778 was supplied from streams. 

 In October 1912 the Salt River project of the Federal Reclamation Service was nearly 

 completed, the water coming from the reservoir controlled by Roosevelt Dam, which was 

 formally dedicated on March 18, 191 1. The Yuma project (partly in California) in October 

 1912, was nearly three-quarters completed. The total cost of irrigation enterprises to 

 July I, 1910 was $17,677,966, and the estimated final cost of improvements begun was 

 $24,828,868. Of cereals 85.2 % by acreage in 1909 was grown on irrigated land and of barley 

 98.1 %; of hay and forage crops, 84.3 % and of alfalfa, 98.9 %; of sugar beets 92.8 %. Farms 

 were operated largely by owners (8,203 by owners, 163 by managers and 861 by tenants). 

 In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal crops were; Indian corn, 528,000 bu. (16,000 A.) ; 

 wheat, 707,000 bu. (23,000 A.); oats, 268,000 bu. (6,000 A.); barley, 1, 440,000 bu. (36,000 A.) ; 



1 See E. B. ii, 544 el seq. 



