772 ARKANSAS 



232 farms (27,753 acres) were irrigated for rice-growing. During 1900-1910 the acreage 

 oi cotton increased about 30% and that of hay about 80%, but that of cereals decreased. 

 The farmers' co-operative demonstration associations and the agricultural college have 

 organised boys' corn clubs. In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the crops were: cotton, 854,000 

 bales (190 Ibs. per A.); Indian corn, 50,490,000 bu. (2,475,000 A.); wheat, 940,000 bu. 

 (94,000 A.); oats, 3,482,000 bu. (175,000 A.); rye, 10,000 bu. (1,000 A.); rice, 3,405,000 bu. 

 (90,800 A.); potatoes, 1,750,000 bu. (25,000 A.); hay, 352,000 tons (286,000 A.); tobacco, 

 520,000 Ibs. (800 A.). In 1909 (U. S. Census) the value of vegetables other than potatoes 

 was $4,843,442; of small fruits, $601,722; of orchard fruits, 83,011,377 (apples, $1,322,785; 

 peaches and nectarines, $1,502,996). On January I, 1912 there were 265,000 horses, 228,- 

 ooo mules, 404,000 milch cows, 538,000 other neat cattle, .134,000 sheep, and 1,738,000 swine. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $5,829,606. Coal was the most important: 

 2,106,789 tons ($3,396,849). Zinc from northern Arkansas amounted to 385 tons ($43,890) 

 and 15 tons ($1,350) of lead were reported. In Sebastian and Scott counties there is a little 

 natural gas. Mineral waters, bottled at 8 springs, were valued at 118,994. The state is 

 the foremost producer in the country of bauxite and of oilstones (novaculites and Ouachita 

 or Arkansas stone). Phosphate rock in 1911 was mined near Batesville. Diamonds con- 

 tinue to be found in Pike county; in 1911 one weighed 8| carats, another 3j carats. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 1,907 to 2,925 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 37,557 (33,089 wage-earners) to 51,730 

 (44,982 wage-earners); capital invested from 846,306,000 to 70,174,000; and the value of 

 products from $53,865,000 to $74,916,000. The value of lumber and timber products was 

 $40,640,000, more than half the state's total, and in their manufacture nearly three-fourths 

 of the wage-earners were employed. The state produced in 1909 28.4% of the red-gum 

 lumber, 20.5% of the cottonwood, 11.4% of the ash and 13.5% of the hickory cut in the 

 United States; and in each it ranked first in the country, except in hickory, in which it was 

 second. The largest cut five-eighths of the state's total was yellow pine. Other impor- 

 tant manufactures were: cottonseed oil and cake, $7,789,000, ranking the state 6th in this 

 industry; flour and grist-mill products, 5,615,000; steam-railway cars, construction and 

 repairs, $4,154,000; printing and publishing, $2,082,000; carriages and wagons, $1,664,000 

 (115.5% more than in 1904); and foundry and machine-shop products, $1,051,000. The 

 following five cities produced together about one quarter in value of the state's total; Little 

 Rock, $6,882,000; Argenta, $4,842,000; Fort Smith, $3,739,250; Pine Bluff, $2,387,000; 

 and Hot Springs, $844,570. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, Jan. I, 1912, 5,190.72 m. In 1911 and 1912 the 

 Federal government was building locks and dams on the Ouachita river, was removing ob- 

 structions on the upper part of that river and on the Saline, and was dredging the Arkansas 

 (under the River and Harbor Act of 1910). 



Legislation. A constitutional amendment, declared in effect in January 1911, 

 reserves to the people the legislative powers of initiative by petition of 8 % of the legal 

 voters (for governor at the preceding election) filed at least 4 months before the general 

 election at which the measure is to be voted upon and of referendum, which may be 

 ordered, except in case of emergency measures, by the legislature or by a petition signed 

 by 5% f the legal voters (as above), filed within 90 days after the final adjournment of 

 the legislature which passed the Act in question. The governor may not veto a measure 

 adopted by the people on referendum vote. 



The legislature met in regular session from January 9 to May 13, 1911 and in 

 special session from May 22 to June 10, 1911. The income tax amendment to the 

 Federal Constitution was ratified on April 22nd. Acts were passed for a franchise tax 

 on corporations doing business in the state. Railways and other public service cor- 

 porations, including pipe-lines, are to be assessed for their franchises as for other prop- 

 erty. An elaborate act is to reduce the rate of taxation. 



For 1911 and 1912 $1,250,000 was appropriated for Confederate pensions; provision 

 was made for a census of Confederate veterans in the state; and $10,000 was voted for a 

 monument to the wpme^ of the Confederacy on the new capitol grounds at Little Rock. 



The sale of intoxicating liquor without a county license, the giving or selling of it to an 

 intoxicated person, and free lunches in saloons were prohibited. There may be a second 

 primary election if no candidate received a majority at the first and a statute provides for 

 the contest of primary elections. General election days, the birthday of Jefferson Davis 

 and October 12 (Columbus Day) were made legal holidays. Concubinage of whites and 

 negroes was made a felony, and the birth of a mulatto child prima facie evidence of guilt, 

 justifying the conviction of the mother. 



An act of 1911 regulates liability of common carriers for injuries to their employes. 

 Contributory negligence docs not bar recovery if the employer's disregard of the law ha? 



