77 4 CALIFORNIA 



Stephen Brundidge, Jr. (b. 1857), member of Congress 1897-1009. On January 6, 

 IQI3, the governor had appointed ad interim J. N. Heiskell, editor of the Arkansas 

 Gazette of Little Rock, but on January 30 he was succeeded by Judge W. M. Kava- 

 naugh, to serve until March 4. In the spring of 1912 the Socialist party elected a 

 mayor in Hartford, Sebastian county (pop. 1910, 1,780). 



There were several lynchings in the state in 1911-12. In 1911 a negro was 

 killed at Benton in a race war growing out of an attack on a minstrel troupe; one was 

 lynched at Augusta (Sept. 9) for rape and murder; two mulattoes were killed 

 at Dumas (Sept. 27) in a fight in which they and their white father resisted arrest; 

 a negro was lynched at Forest City (Oct. 16) charged with rape and another at Hope 

 (Oct. 20) for using abusive language. On March 23, 1912 an apparently innocent 

 negro was lynched at Fort Smith by a mob excited at the shooting of a constable. The 

 police made no effort to defend him and the chief, three officers, and six patrolmen were 

 removed from office. On May 2, twenty-three indictments were returned by the 

 grand jury for participation in the lynching, but no convictions have been secured. On 

 the 4th of July a negro was lynched at Plummersville, for killing a deputy; and on the 

 i9th of August another at Russellville for assault on a white woman. 



The state suffered severely from the Mississippi flood in 1912. The levee, at three 

 places where it was i to 3 ft. below standard grade, broke early in April and flooded a 

 large part of the lower St. Francis basin in N.E. Arkansas, about 2,500 sq. m., where 

 people were cut off for days. 



Bibliography. Public Acts (Little Rock, 1911) and official reports, especially of the 

 department of education. 



Population (1910) 2,377,549, an increase of 60. i% since 1900; 73.2% native whites 

 (26.7% native whites of foreign parentage), 21.8% foreign born whites, 0.9% negroes, 

 and 4% Indians and Asiatics. Density 15.3 to the sq. m. Roughly, the growth was 

 relatively larger in the southern part of the state: in Los Angeles county it was 196%, 

 and in the two southern-most counties, San Diego and Imperial, 114.5%. I' 1 I 9 IO 

 61.8% of the total was in the 70 cities with more than 2,500 each; in 1900, 52.4% in the 

 40 cities of this size. The semi-urban population in 128 (76 in 1900) cities and towns, 

 each with less than 2,500 inhabitants, constituted 6.4% (6.1% in 1900) of the total. 

 The rural population decreased relatively from 41.5% in 1900 to 31.7% in 1910. 



There were 10 cities with between 5,000 and 10,000 each in 1910, 34 cities (and 5 

 other places) each with 2, 500 to 5,000, and 60 cities (and 68 other places) each with less 

 than 2,500. Twenty-one cities, as follows, had more than 10,000 each (the 1900 popu- 

 lations are given in brackets): San Francisco, 416,912 (342,782); Los Angeles, 319,198 

 (102,479); Oakland, 150,174 (66,960); Sacramento, the capital, 44,696 (29,282); Berk- 

 eley, 40,434 (13,214); San Diego, 39,578 (17,700); Pasadena, .30,291 (9,117); San 

 Jose, 28,946 (21,500); Fresno, 24,892 (12,470); Alameda, 23,383 (16,464); Stockton, 

 23,253 (17,506); Long Beach, 17,809 (2,252); Riverside, 15,212 (7,973); San Ber- 

 nardino, 12,779 (6,150); Bakersfield, 12,727 (4,836); Eureka, 11,845 (7,327); Santa 

 Barbara, 11,659 (6,587); Vallejo, 11,340 (7,965); Santa Cruz, 11,146 (5,659); Red- 

 lands, 10,449 (4,707); Pomona, 10,207 (5,526). It is noteworthy that four of these 

 cities are in Los Angeles county. Los Angeles itself, which in 1911-12 had a population 

 of some 400,000, continues to grow with great rapidity; and the street-car connection 

 with Pasadena on one side and the " beach towns," Santa Monica, Redondo, etc., on 

 the other, is creating a " Greater Los Angeles," by stimulating their development and 

 that of the area between them and the city. In San Francisco the recovery from the 

 ruin caused by the fire and earthquake of 1906 has proceeded with striking results: 

 what is practically a new and even finer city has come into existence, full of palatial 

 buildings; and active preparations are being made for the great Panama-Pacific Expo- 

 sition to be held in 1915. 



1 See E. B. v, 7 et seq. 



