7 8o CALIFORNIA 



delegates should be by the state-at-large; the rules of the Republican National Commit- 

 tee that they should be by districts. There resulted a bitter contest in the Convention 

 in the case of two seats, which the Convention awarded to Taft. Johnson's primary 

 law was one factor, his name on the Progressive ticket and the votes of women were 

 others, in the victory of Roosevelt in the Republican presidential primary; he received 

 70,000 votes more than Taft and 25,000 more than Taft and LaFollette combined. 

 Champ Clark defeated Woodrow Wilson in the Democratic primary William Randolph 

 Hearst was one of Clark's strongest supporters and a power in the Democratic party in 

 the state. On October 3 the state supreme court barred from the Republican ticket 

 the electors pledged to Taft, at the same time calling the primary law a very bad one 

 because it would practically disfranchise one-third of the voters of the state. This 

 made it necessary for Taft electors to be nominated by petition with signatures of 

 1 1,000 voters who had not taken part in the primaries. The state was carried for Roose- 

 velt by 174 plurality for the highest Republican elector (283,610 for Roosevelt, and 283,- 

 436 for Wilson). Of the 13 presidential electors n were for Roosevelt and 2 for Wilson. 

 The Socialist vote was 79,201 (in 1908, 28,659; m 1910 for governor 47,819) and the 

 vote for Taft was only 3,914. The Congressional delegation, n instead of 8 as for the 

 last decade, contains 3 Democrats, 4 Republicans and 4 Progressives. The new state 

 legislature contains enough Democrats and Taft Republicans to make difficulties for 

 Governor Johnson. One Socialist was elected to the lower house from Los Angeles. 



The municipal election in San Francisco in 1911 the first under the new non- 

 partisan plan resulted for the first time in the victory of the "anti-Union Labour" 

 party; at the primary James Rolph, Jr., received a majority of all votes cast (Sept. 

 26th), defeating Mayor McCarthy, who had the backing of the Union Labor party, and 

 becoming mayor-elect without a general election. In the spring of 1911 a Socialist 

 mayor, city commissioner, and member of the board of education were elected in 

 Berkeley,- an educational and residential, rather than an industrial city; and in April 

 1912, in Daly City, a suburb of San Francisco with 3,000 inhabitants, the Socialists 

 elected a city clerk and three (out of five) members of the board of trustees, including 

 the mayor that is, gained the control of the city government. In Oakland the Indus- 

 trial Workers of the World secured a petition (March 1912) for the " recall " of the may- 

 or and two commissioners on the ground that they protected vice, but the recall election 

 resulted in favour of the incumbents. In San Francisco a municipally owned and oper- 

 ated street railway to Golden Gate Park (bonds issued in 1909) was opened December 

 27, 1912. An extension to Ocean Beach is planned. A municipal opera-house in 

 San Francisco seems assured. Los Angeles has a municipal cement mill built in 1908. 



The trial, beginning October 9, 1911, in Los Angeles, of John J. and James B. 

 McNamara (arrested in Indianapolis April 22) for dynamiting the Los Angeles Times 

 Building (Oct. i, 1910) and the Llewellyn Iron Works, was one of the most important 

 events in the state's recent history (see UNITED STATES, History). The Los Angeles 

 election of December 5, 1911 was marked by the first participation of women voters, 

 and by a contest between the Socialists, whose candidate, Job Harriman, one of the coun- 

 sel for the McNamaras, suffered from their cause being discredited, and the " Good 

 Government " party, which re-elected Mayor Alexander (83,978 to 52,293 for Harri- 

 man). Late in November 1912 a recall petition against the mayor was circulated 

 apparently for political purposes. 



The experiences of Los Angeles with organised labour aroused opposition in San 

 Diego to the Industrial Workers of the World and other radicals, who in April 1912 made 

 the place a centre for their propaganda and flocked Uiither from the whole Pacific 

 Coast. In December 1911 the city council had abolished street meetings in a district 

 where they had formerly been held. After the arrest of speakers at meetings called 

 by a Free Speech League, 1 a meeting, not in the forbidden quarter, was broken up by the 



1 The demonstrations were nominally to test the right of free speech, as were meetings 

 in February 1911 in Portland (Oregon) and Spokane (Washington) and in Fresno (California) 

 where 40 were convicted and put to breaking stone. 



