7 8 4 CONNECTICUT 



employ a state teacher of the adult blind. The General Education Board in October 1912 

 gave $100,000 to the University of Denver. In 1910 the percentage of illiteracy in the 

 population 10 years of age and over was 3.7 (4.2 in 1900). For the year ending June 30, 1912 

 the school population was 227,142, the enrollment 173,229, the average daily attendance 

 1 18,245, and the length of the average school year 162 days. The total revenue was $7,089,- 

 936, and the expenditures $6,158,064. 



Charities and Penal Institutions. Under an act of 1911 the state soldiers' and sailors' 

 home may admit Confederate veterans. The legislature provided for the parole of prisoners 

 in county jails for good conduct and work, and for employment of prisoners in jails, half of 

 any prisoner's earnings to go to his dependent wife and children. The State Home and 

 Training School for Mental Defectives at Arvada (10 m. N.E. of Denver), authorised in 

 1909, was practically completed in 1912, the opening being planned for May 1913. 



History. There was an unbroken deadlock in the 1911 legislature over the election 

 of a United States senator to succeed Charles James Hughes, Jr. (1853-1910), Demo- 

 crat, elected for the term ending 1915. Senator Simon Guggenheim (b. 1867), Republi- 

 can, the state's only representative in the Federal Senate in 1911 and 1912, announced 

 that for personal reasons only he would not be a candidate for re-election in 1913. 

 There was a bitter struggle in the Democratic party, also, for control: the " platform " 

 or radical Democrats were led by John Franklin Shafroth (b. 1854), governor since 1909, 

 and Alva Adams (b. 1850), governor in 1887-89, and the " City Hall " wing was led by 

 Robert Walter Speer (b. 1855), mayor of Denver in 1904-12. The Republican state 

 convention (April 1912) was for Taft. The Progressive party was well organised in the 

 state, with nominations for governor (E. B. Costigan) and Congressmen, but the 

 Republican nominees (C. C. Parks for governor) ran better the fact that the Roose- 

 velt nominees were supported by three " parties," the Bull Moose, Roosevelt, and 

 Progressive, was no advantage since the ballot is not of the party column form. In the 

 November election the state went for Woodrow Wilson (114,232 votes to 72,306 for 

 Roosevelt, 58,386 for Taft and 16,418 for Debs); Elias M. Ammons, Democrat, was 

 elected governor (receiving 101,293 votes to 63,035 for Costigan and 54,720 for Parks) 

 and the remainder of the Democratic ticket 1 was successful, including James B. Pearce, 

 Secretary of State, who ran behind the ticket because of criticism of his personal morality 

 by a part of the press and of the clergy of the state in this particular the campaign was 

 singularly venomous. On January 14, 1913 two Democrats were chosen as U. S. sena- 

 tors, ex-governor Shafroth, for the full term, and, for the short term, Charles Spalding 

 Thomas (b. 1849), governor in 1899-1901. The legislature is Democratic by more 

 than 40 on joint ballot. The four congressmen (3 under the previous apportionment) 

 are Democrats. The municipal machine in Denver was defeated May 21, 1912 by a 

 " Citizens' Ticket," on which Judge Ben Lindsey of the Juvenile Court was the best- 

 known name and Henry J. Arnold was the successful candidate for mayor with 40,871 

 votes to 16,898 for J. B. Hunter (Democrat), of Mayor R. W. Speer's wing of the party, 

 and 12,510 for ^United States Marshal D. C. Bailey (Rep.), whose candidacy suf- 

 fered from his connection with William G. Evans, the Denver Street Railway magnate, 

 who sued the Denver Post for $1,000,000 for libel. In the campaign Mayor Speer 

 bought the Evening Times so that he might have an organ with which to reply to the 

 attacks of the Rocky Mountain News and of the Post. 



A cloudburst on Cherry Creek caused a flood in Denver, July 15, 1912, which did 

 damage estimated at $2,000,000 and resulted in the loss of two lives. 



Bibliography. Laws (Denver, 1911) and other official publications; E. Parsons, A Guide 

 to Colorado (igiiJ.'E. A- Mills, The Spell of the Rockies (1911). 



CONNECTICUT 2 



Population (1910) 1,114,756 (908,420 in 1900), Connecticut ranking 4th among the 

 states in density of population with 231.3 per sq. m. (188.5 in 1900). The percentage 

 of increase in 1900-10 was 22.7, greater than that for any decade since 1850-60. For- 

 eign-born whites constituted 26.1% of the total in 1900 and 29.5% in 1910; native 



1 B. R. Montgomery, lieutenant-governor-elect, died December 29, 1912. 



2 See E. B. vi, 951 et seq. 



