7Q2 FLORIDA 



bu. (655,000 A.); oats, 740,000 bu. (43,000 A.); potatoes, 1,023,000 bu. (11,000 A.); hay 54,000 

 tons (43,000 A.); cotton, 68,000 bales (119 Ibs. per A.); tobacco, 2,604,000 Ibs. (3,100 A.) 

 and rice, 15,000 bu. (600 A.)- In 1909 (U. S. Census) the value of vegetables other than pota- 

 toes was $6,314,313; of nursery products, $478,174; of small fruit, $302,383 (strawberries, 

 $301,056); of orchard fruits, $232,203 (peaches and nectarines, $128,029); of tropical fruits, 

 7,092,150 (oranges, $4,304,987; pomeloes (grapefruit), $1,907,816; pineapples, $734,069). 

 On January. I, 1912 there were on farms: 52,000 horses, 25,000 mules, 123,000 milch cows, 

 758,000 other neat cattle, 120,000 sheep and 954,000 swine. 



The legislature of 1911 required the appointment of an inspector of nursery stock and 

 appropriated $5,000 for farmers' co-operative demonstration work. The shipment of imma- 

 ture citrus fruit was made unlawful. In 191-1 successful experiments were made in growing 

 rice without irrigation in prairie districts, and in raising Rhodes grass for hay; and a repre- 

 sentative of the Federal department of agriculture found in Saharapur, India, and brought 

 to the United States parasites and insect enemies of the white fly pest in orange groves. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 191 1, $10,250,228. The only important mineral product 

 in the state is phosphate rock, more than two-thirds land pebble; the output in 1911 was 

 valued at $9,473,638, about 9 % more than in 1910. In this product and in fuller's earth the 

 state ranked first. The value of mineral waters, from 9 springs, including 5 resorts, was 

 19,330, one-third more than in 1910. 



Manufactures. From 1904 to 1909 the number of factories increased from 1,413 to 

 2,159; the number of persons engaged in manufacturing from 46,985 (of whom 42,091 were 

 wage-earners) to 64,810 (57,473 wage-earners); the capital invested from $32,972,000 to 

 $65,291,000 (98 %); and the value of products from $50,298,000 to $72,890,000. In 1909 the 

 most important single industry was the manufacture of tobacco (mostly cigars and cigarettes), 

 valued at $21,575,000, Florida ranking 3rd; in Key West 93.7 % of the total value of products 

 (3,965,000) and in Tampa 82.7% of the much larger total (17,653,000) was the value of 

 tobacco manufactures. Lumber and timber products (more than 90 % yellow pine) were 

 valued at 20,863,000; and turpentine and rosin at $11,938,000. The only other important 

 distinctive industry was the manufacture of fertiliser, $3,878,000 (143.9 % more than in 1904). 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 4,467.09 m. On January 22, 1912, 

 the Florida East Coast Railway formally opened the last link, 45.5 m. from Knights Key to 

 Key West, completing its all rail route from Jacksonville to Kty West; 1 a car-ferry is pro- 

 jected to run from Key West to Havana (90 m.). The Federal government began work in 



191 1 on a channel 30 ft. deep and 300 ft. wide from Jacksonville to the Ocean, which makes 

 it possible to ship naval stores to foreign ports direct from Jacksonville; and in 1912 nearly 

 completed deepening the St. Johns river channel at piers opposite Jacksonville, the improve- 

 ments across the bar and at west Pass channel in Apalachicola Bay, and a channel, 30 ft. 

 deep and 500 ft. wide, from the Gulf to the docks at Pensacola. 



Legislation. The legislature met from April 4 to June 2, 1911. It enacted that 

 no judgment in a state court should be set aside, and no new trial granted unless the 

 error complained of actually resulted in a miscarriage of justice; and that a judge should 

 charge a jury only upon the law. After January 1913 there are to be only 5 instead of 

 6 justices of the supreme court. A constitutional amendment, adopted in November 



1912 (18,051 to 3,057) provides for an additional circuit judge in Duval county. The 

 state building commission, created in 1911, chose a site near the capitol for a building 

 for the state supreme court, the railroad commission and the state library, which was 

 begun in April 1912; $100,000 was appropriated for this building. An appropriation 

 of $50,000 was made for a Florida exhibit at the proposed National Historical Exposition 

 in St. Augustine in 1913, to celebrate the 4ooth anniversary of the discovery of 

 Florida by Ponce de Leon; $6,000 was appropriated for work on the valuable state 

 archives; $10,000 for a statue of Dr. John Gorrie (1803-55; see E. B. ii, I59a), the inven- 

 tor of a machine for making artificial ice, in the National Statuary Hall in the Capitol at 

 Washington, and $5,000 for a monument to the Confederate women of Florida. 



A new pure food and drugs act was passed; there are to be two inspectors and an assistant 



1 This great engineering triumph was the result of nearly seven years' actual work; con- 

 struction south of Homestead (128 m. from Key West) began in April 1905. The railway 

 leaves the mainland at Everglade station (on Manatee Creek), crosses Lake Surprise to Key 

 Largo, goes by the two Matecumbes and on Long Key, to Grassy Key by a viaduct 2\ m long, 

 and then by the 7 m. Knights Key Little Duck viaduct which is followed by about 13 m., 

 sometimes piers, sometimes concrete arches and some embankment work protected by marl 

 slopes, to West Summerland. Some piers were built on foundations 30 ft. below tide level. 

 Forty-nine miles of the road was constructed by submarine blasting of limestone and by 

 dredges and traveling excavators. At Key West about 134 acres of land was filled in for a 

 terminal and a concrete pier is building, 1,700 ft. long and 134 ft. wide. 



