79 4 GEORGIA 



cratic primary, which was followed by his election by the legislature. The Democratic 

 primaries for delegates to the national convention elected men pledged to Oscar Under- 

 wood; Albert Waller Gilchrist (b. 1858), governor since 1909, possibly because he 

 opposed the submission to the people of the amendment for initiative and referendum 

 did not secure a renomination from the Democrats, who nominated and in November 

 elected Park M. Trammell, then attorney-general, with a full state ticket, and carried the 

 state for Woodrow Wilson, who received 36,41 7 votes to 4,535 for Roosevelt and 4,279 for 

 Taft. There was a Progressive state ticket in the field with 3 nominees for Congress 

 and William C. Hodges for governor, and this cut heavily into the usually small Republi- 

 can vote and the opposition of the Progressives to the negro and the success of the party 

 over the Republicans minimised the political importance of the negro. The four 

 Democratic nominees for representatives in Congress were elected (i at-large). The 

 Socialists made gains in the state, polling 4,806 votes for Debs (3,747 in 1908), more 

 than for Taft or for Roosevelt. The Socialist candidate for governor, Thomas W. Cox, 

 received 3,467 votes to 38,977 votes for Trammell (Dem.), 2,646 for William R. O'Neal 

 (Rep.) and 2,314 for William C. Hodges (Prog.). 



Peonage in the state received a severe blow when President Taft refused to grant the 

 request of the Florida legislature in 1911 to pardon five officers of a lumber company 

 convicted by a United States circuit court in 1906 of conspiracy to arrest and return to 

 a condition of peonage foreign-born labourers. There seem to have been fewer lynch- 

 ings in 1912 than in 1911. In the former year a negro was lynched (March 4), at 

 Cypress for attempting to shoot a marshal; and seven negroes accused of murder were 

 killed (May 21) at Lake City by men in three automobiles. In 1912 on April 15 a 

 negro was lynched near Tampa for murder, on July 4 another at Bradentown for 

 alleged assault on a white woman, on September 14 one at Alton for assault and two 

 at Ocala (Nov. 14 and 19) for murder. The presence of militia in Jacksonville on 

 March 7, 1912 prevented an attack on five negroes charged with murder and assault. 

 In the first part of November 1912 there was a serious street car strike in Jacksonville 

 with some violence, so that car-lines were tied up and militia was called out. 



Bibliography. Acts and Resolutions (Tallahassee, 1911) and official reports; J. C. Gifford, 

 Everglades and other Essays relating to Southern Florida (Kansas City, 1911); H. G. Rhodes 

 and M. W. Dumont, Guide to Florida (New York, 1911). 



GEORGIA ' 



Population (1910) 2,609,121, an increase of 17.7% since 1900; negroes were 45.1% 

 of the total, foreign-born 0.6%, whites of native parentage 53.3%. Density 44.4 to the 

 sq. m. In the 45 cities and towns in 1910 (31 in 1900) each having more than 2,500 

 there was 20.6% of the total (15.6% in 1900); in the 516 incorporated places (344 in 

 1900) having less than 2,500, 11% (8.7% in 1900); and in the purely rural districts 

 68.4% (75.6% in 1900). There were 23 municipalities with a population exceeding 5,000 

 at the 1910 census Atlanta, 154,839 (89,872 in 1900); Savannah, 65,064; Augusta, 

 41,040; Macon, 40,665 (23,272 in 1900); Columbus, 20,554; Athens, 14,913; Waycross, 

 14,485 (5,919 in 1900); Rome, 12,099; Brunswick, 10,182; Albany, 8, 100 (4, 606 in 1900); 

 Amcricus, 8,063; Valdosta, 7,656; Griffin, 7,478; Thomasville (town), 6,727; Elberton, 

 6,483 (3,834 in 1900); Marietta, 5,949; Gainesville, 5,925; Cordele, 5,883; Dublin, 5,795 

 (3,987 in 1900); Fitzgerald, 5,795 (1,817 in 1000); La Grange, 5o8?; Newnan, 5,548; 

 and Dalton 5,324. 



A zriculture. The acreage in farms increased from 26,392,057 to 26,953,413 between 

 1900 and 1910 and the improved land in farms from 10,615,644 to 12,298,017; the average 

 farm acreage fell from 117.5 to 92.6, and the value of farm property increased from $228,374,- 

 ^37 t<> ^580,546,381 ($370,^53,415 land; $108,850,917 buildings; $20,948,056 implements; 

 $80,393.993 domestic animals). Of the land area 71.7 % was in farms in 1910. The average 

 value of farm land per acre was 813.74. Farms were Operated largely by tenants (98,628 

 by owners, 1,419 by managers and 190,980 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) 

 the principal crops were: Indian corn, 53,958,000 bu. (3,910,000 A.); wheat, 1,228,000 bu. 

 (132,000 A.); oats, 7,571,000 bu. (364,000 A.); rye, 101,000 bu. (11,000 A.); potatoes, 936,000 



l See E. B. xi, 751. 



