IOWA 809 



the reputed " boss " of the state, the presidential electors for Woodrow Wilson and 

 Marshall received 281,890 votes; those for Roosevelt, 162,007; those for Taft 151,267; 

 and those for Debs, a native of the state, 36,931 (in 1908, 13,476; in 1910, Socialist vote 

 for governor, about 19,600). 



On October 22, 1912 Governor Marshall sent three companies of state troops to the 

 race track near Valparaiso to stop racing because gambling was going on; and on the 

 26th Judge Tuthill refused to grant an injunction forbidding this use of the militia. 



About 50 officials of the Association of Bridge and Structural Ironworkers, arrested 

 in February 1912 on evidence secured by William J. Burns and through information 

 given by Ortie McManigal, who figured in the Los Angeles Times case (see CALIFORNIA), 

 were put on trial in Indianapolis, October i, charged with conspiracy to carry dynamite 

 on trains in interstate commerce. McManigal gave minute and circumstantial testi- 

 mony tending to show that the Ironworkers had for 6 years systematically dynamited 

 structures built by non-union men. A plot to blow up locks of the Panama Canal was 

 disclosed, and evidence was brought to show that textile strikers in Massachusetts 

 secured dynamiters from the Ironworkers. The judge ruled (October 22) that the 

 conspiracy was proved; and on December 28, 38 of the defendants were found guilty 

 on each of the 52 counts of the indictments. Thirty-three of them were sentenced to 

 the Federal prison at Leaven worth, Kansas, for terms varying from i to 7 years. 



Bibliography. Laws (Indianapolis, 1911) and various official reports; E. E. Moore, 

 Century of Indiana (New York, 1910); Logan Eseray State Banking in Indiana 1844-73 

 (1912); N. L. Sims, A Hoosier Village (1912). 



IOWA 1 



Population (1910) 2,224,771 (0.3% less than in 1900, Iowa being the only state with 

 a decrease). Negroes constituted 0.7 % of the total; native born whites 87 % and whites 

 of native parentage 58.6%. There were 69 (in 1900, 70) cities and towns of 2,500 or 

 more each, containing 30.6% (in 1900, 25.6%) of the total. Twenty-six had 5,000: Des 

 Moines, 86,368; Sioux City, 47,828; Davenport, 43,028; Dubuque, 38,494; Cedar Rapids, 

 32,811; Council Bluffs, 29,292;! Waterloo, 26,693; Clinton, 25,577; Burlington, 24,324; 

 Ottumwa, 22,012; Muscatine, 16,178; Fort Dodge, 15,543; Keokuk, 14,008; Marshall- 

 town, 13,374; Mason City, 11,230; Boone, 10,347; Iowa City, 10,091; Oskaloosa, 9,466; 

 Fort Madison, 8,900;' Centerville, 6,936; Creston, 6,924; Oelwein, 6,028; Charles City, 

 5,892; Webster City, 5,208; Grinnell, 5,036; and Cedar Falls, 5,012. 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 34,574,337 to 33,930,688 between 1900 

 and 1910 and the improved land from 29,897,552 to 29,491,199; the average farm acreage 

 increased from 151.2 to 156.3 and the value of farm property from $1,834,345,546 to $3,745,- 

 860,544 ($2,801,973,729 land; $455,405,671 buildings; $95,477,948 implements and $393,003,- 

 196 domestic animals). Of the land area 95.4% was in farms; and the average value of 

 farm land per acre was $82.58. Farms were operated largely by owners (133,003 by owners, 

 1,926 by managers and 82,115 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal 

 crops were: Indian corn, 432,021,000 bu. (10,047,000 A.); wheat, 12,850,000 bu. (650,000 

 A.); oats, 217,818,000 bu. (4,928,000 A.); barley, 11,570,000 bu. (470,000 A.); rye, 665,000 

 bu. (35,000 A.); buckwheat, 133,000 bu. (7,000 A.); potatoes, 18,966,000 bu. (174,000 A.); 

 hay, 4,952,000 tons (3,537,000 A.); flaxseed, 402,000 bu. (35,000 A.). In 1909 (U. S. Census) 

 the value of vegetables (excluding potatoes) was $5,266,411; of small fruits, $966,894; of 

 orchard fruits, $4,283,873 (apples, $3,550,729; cherries, $455,022). On January I, 1912, 

 there were on farms: 1,568,000 horses, 57,000 mules, 1,393,000 milch cows, 2,773,000 other 

 neat cattle, 1,201,000 sheep and 9,689,000 swine. 



By acts of 1911 the state dairy association and the beef cattle breeders association are 

 made official state corporations with duties of inspection; a commission of animal health 

 takes the place of the board of veterinary examiners. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $21,107,496. By far the most valuable mineral 

 product is bituminous coal, in which the state ranked 9th in 1911 with 7,331,648 tons ($12,- 

 663,507). It held the same rank (8th in 1910) in clay products ($4,432,874; g- less than in 

 1910), almost entirely brick and tile. More than one-seventh of the gypsum product of the 

 country came in 1911 from Iowa (354,204 tons; value, $871,752). Building and other 

 stone quarried in 191 1 was valued at $736,207, mostly limestone; and lime at $80,914. No 



1 See E. B. xiv, 732 et seq. 



