IOWA 811 



On July i, 1911 the balance in the treasury was Si, 282, 539 and on July I, 1912, 81,041,486. 

 The receipts for the fiscal year were $4,983,448, and the expenditures $5,224,501. The 

 state debt (July I, 1912) was $65,969. 



Education. or the year ending June 30, 1912 the school population was 672,940; the 

 public school enrollment, 507,109; average daily attendance, 368,631; average length of the 

 school year 8.6 months; revenues, $15,453,274, and expenditures, $15,330,652. 



In 1910 the percentage of illiteracy of the population 10 years of age and over was 1.7 

 (2.3 in 1900) less than in any other state in the Union. 



On February 23, 191 1 John Gabbert Bowman (b. 1877), formerly secretary of the Carnegie 

 Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, was elected president of the University of 

 Iowa, succeeding George E. McLean (b. 1850), who resigned on February i. He took 

 office August i, 1911. 



In 1912 there was a general reorganisation of higher education: new normal schools were 

 planned; and advanced courses for teachers were transferred from the Teachers College, at 

 Cedar Falls (which can no longer grant degrees) to the University, the general science course 

 from the Agricultural College, at Ames, to the University, and the engineering department 

 from the University to the Agricultural College. A new physics building at the University 

 was completed in 1912. In December 1912 Grinnell College received a gift of $50,000. 



Charitable and Penal Institutions. By a law of 1911 the execution of sentence may be 

 suspended for the first offender unless he is convicted of murder, treason, rape, robbery or 

 arson. On the recommendation of the state board of control surgeons in state institutions 

 are authorised, by a law operative July 4, 1911, to sterilise criminals, idiots, feeble-minded, 

 drug fiends, and epileptics; in 1912 the law had not been enforced, and its validity had not 

 been tested. Boys and girls in the state industrial schools may be placed under contracts in 

 good homes with the approval of the board of control. The state College for the Blind was 

 transferred from the board of control to the board of education. In May 1912 a commission 

 recommended many changes in penal administration, notably the abolition of the contract 

 system and the purchase, for the use of first offenders and good conduct and short term con- 

 victs, of a farm of 2,000 acres, near the capital. At Knoxville there is a state hospital, with 

 a 2OO-acre farm, for inebriates. 



History. Beryl F. Carroll (b. 1860), Republican, governor in 1909-10, was re-elected 

 for 1911-12 with a large Republican majority in the legislature. On the death of Jona- 

 than Prentiss Dolliver (1858-1910), Republican, U. S. senator since 1900, Carroll ap- 

 pointed (Nov. 12, 1910) as his successor, until the legislature met, Lafayette Young (b. 

 1848), editor since 1890 of the Des Moines Capital. After a deadlock for nearly three 

 months the legislature elected (April 12, 1911) William Squire Kenyon (b. 1869), who had 

 been for a year assistant to the attorney-general of the United States. The other senator 

 from Iowa, Albert Baird Cummins (b. 1860; governor in 1902-08; senator, 1908-15) 

 was a radical, and 10 delegates to the Republican National Convention were instructed 

 for him and 16 for Taft. Governor Carroll, also, was a progressive Republican and 

 came out for Roosevelt in March 1912. The strong Republican majority in the state 

 was thus split, and in the first victory for a Democratic presidential candidate in the 

 state's.history 185,376 votes were cast for Wilson, 161,783 for Roosevelt, 1 19,81 1 for Tafl, 

 and 15,914 for Debs (8,287 m 1908). But the state Republican ticket, in spite of 

 Progressive nominations for governor and 8 congressmen, was successful; for governor 

 George W. Clarke defeated E. D. Dunne, Dem., by 184,057 to 182,349. The vote for 

 John L. Stevens, the Progressive candidate, was 75,000. In the legislature there is a 

 Republican majority of 38 (14 in senate, 24 in house), by which Kenyon was re-elected 

 U.S. senator, January 21, 1913; and of the Congressional delegation of n (the same num- 

 ber as in the preceding apportionment) the Democrats got three seats (only i in 62nd 

 Congress). 1 



In Muscatine the factories making buttons from fresh water mussel shells shut down 

 without notice February 25, 1911. A week later non-union labourers were taken back 

 to work. There was then some violence, and a more thorough organisation of the work- 

 men began. The state commissioner of labour and the governor interposed, and on 

 May 4th the factories re-opened, taking in union men. The employees claimed that their 

 employers did not keep their agreement, and in August there was another strike; non- 

 union workers were imported, there was rioting and a policeman was killed. During 



1 Elbert Hamilton Hubbard (b. 1849), Republican, representative in Congress since 1905, 

 died June 4, 1912. 



