8i2 KANSAS 



the winter some strikers returned to work. A street railway strike in Des Moines was 

 ended on August 5, 1911, by a court order reinstating a discharged union man. 



In Des Moines a civic centre of twelve squares on both sides of the river, including 

 a library, coliseum, post-office and city hall (dedicated Jan. i, 1912), to be supplemented 

 by an art institute, was practically completed in 1911. A municipal bureau of public 

 efficiency and economy was established in October 1911. 



William Larrabee, born in Ledyard, Conn., in 1832, Republican governor of Iowa 

 in 1886-90, died at Clermont, November 16, 1912. He wrote The Railroad Question 

 (1893) and was responsible for much railway legislation and other progressive measures. 



Bibliography. Acts (Des Moines, 1911); Report of Committee on Jail System (ibid., 1912); 

 other official reports, and on recent legislation, etc., see the monographs of the State Historical 

 Society: J. E. Brindley, Tax Administration and Road Legislation; E. H. Downey, Regulation 

 of Urban Utilities and Work Accident Indemnity; and H. J. Paterson, Corrupt Practices Legisla- 

 tion (all 1912); J. E. Brindley, History of Taxation in Iowa (1911); L. Pelzer, Life of Henry 

 Dodge (1911); J. C. Parish, George Wallace Jones (Iowa City, 1912). 



KANSAS i 



Population (1910) 1,690,949, 15% more than in 1000. Density 20.7 to the sq: m. 

 Of the total 96.6% were whites, 3.2% negroes, and 0.2% Indians and Asiatics; 88.7% 

 were native whites, 17.3% were of foreign parentage and 8% were foreign-born. The 

 rural population decreased between 1900 and 1910 both actually (from 923,358 to 918,- 

 439) and relatively (from 62.8% of the total to 54.3%). The^urban population in 

 places (53 in 1910; 40 in 1900) of 2,500 or more increased from 330,903 in 190010493,790 

 in 1910, but was then only 29.2% of the total; the semi-urban, in incorporated places 

 (418, in 1910; 314 in 1900) of less than 2,500 each, was 16.5%. 



Of the 53 municipalities with more than 2,500 each, 28 had less than 5,000 each. 

 The 25 with more than 5,000 were: Kansas City, 82,331 (51,418 in 1900); Wichita, 

 52,450 (24,671 in 1900); Topeka, 43,684; Leavenworth, 19,363; Atchison, 16,- 

 429; Hutchinson, 16,364; Pittsburg, 14,755; Coffeyville, 12,687 (4,953 in 1900); Parsons, 

 12,463; Lawrence, 12,374; Independence, 10,480 (4,851 in 1900); Fort Scott, 10,463; 

 Salina, 9,688; Chanute, 9,272 (4,208 in 1900); Emporia, 9,058; lola, 9,032; Newton, 

 7,862; Ottawa, 7,650; Arkansas City, 7,508; Wellington, 7,034; Winfield, 6,700; Galena, 

 6,096; Rosedale, 5,960; Manhattan, 5,722; and Junction City, 5,598. 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms increased from 41,662,970 to 43,384,799 between 

 1900 and 1910, the improved land from 25,040,550 to 29,904,067, the average farm acreage 

 from 240.7 to 244.0, and the value of farm property from $864,100,286 to $2,039,389,910 

 ($1,537.976,573 land; $199,579,599 buildings; $48,310,161 implements; $253,523,577 domes- 

 tic animals). Of the land area 82.9% was in farms. The average value of farm land per 

 acre was $35.45. Farms were operated largely by owners (111,108 by owners; 1,335 by 

 managers; and 65,398 by tenants). In 1909 (U. S. Census) 1,006 farms (37,479 acres; 

 mostly in Finney and Kearny counties) were irrigated; and actual enterprises were 

 capable of irrigating 139,995 acres and projects of irrigating 161,300 acres. Alfalfa (10,470 

 acres) and sugar beets (5,638 acres) were the principal irrigated crops. The Garden City 

 irrigation project of the Federal Reclamation Service was practically completed in 1911-12. 

 It was authorised in October 1905, secures water from shallow wells near the Arkansas river, 

 has 3.8 m. of publicly built canals and 32 m. constructed by water users, and can irrigate 

 10,677 acres in Finney and Kearny counties. In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal 

 crops were: Indian corn, 174,225,000 bu. (7,575,000 A.); wheat, 92,290,000 bu. (5,956,000 

 A.); oats, 55,040,000 bu. (1,720,000 A.); barley, 4,136,000 bu. (176,000 A.); rye, 477,000 bu. 

 (30,000 A.); buckwheat, 16,000 bu. (1,000 A.); potatoes, 5,740,000 bu. (70,000 A.); hay, 

 2,440,000 tons (1,627,000 A.) and flaxsced, 300,000 bu. (50,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) 

 the value of broom corn was $593,947 (41,064 A.); of vegetables (excluding potatoes), 

 $2,963, 733; of nursery products, $948,493; of small fruits, $454,200; of orchard fruits, $944,- 

 631. On January I, 1912 there were on farms 1,169,000 horses, 218,000 mules, 698,000 

 milch cows, 1, 872,000 other neat cattle, 326,000 sheep and 2,808,000 swine. 



In 1911 an inspector of apiaries was appointed under the state entomological commission. 



Mineral Products. Total value 1911, $24,987,807. By far the largest item was coal, 

 6,254,228 tons ($9,645,572), more than one quarter increase over the 1910 output. The 

 output of natural gas, valued at $4,854,534, was less than for any year since 1906, but ranked 

 the state 5th. Petroleum was valued at $608,756 (1,278,819 bbls.). Other important 



1 See E. B. xv, 654 el sea. 



