KENTUCKY 815 



the Republicans lost the state legislature (Senate, 21 Democrats, 1 8 Republicans, i 

 Socialist; House, 72 Democrats, 51 Republicans, 2 Socialists). 



At Pawnee Rock, May 24, 1912, a monument was dedicated commemorating the 

 early settlers of the state. 



Bibliography. Session Laivs (Topeka, 1911) and departmental reports; Samuel J 

 Crawford (governor, 1865-69), Kansas in the Sixties (Chicago, 1911). 



KENTUCKY 1 



Population (1910) 2,289,905. The percentage of increase (6.6) and even the abso- 

 lute increase in 1900-10 were less than for any decade since 1820. Density 57 to the 

 sq. m. In 1900-10 the number of negroes decreased from 284,706 to 261,656 (13.3% 

 of the total in 1900 and only 11.4% in 1910). The foreign-born whites were 2.3% in 

 1900 and only 1.7 % in 1910. In i'gio there were 40 incorporated places of 2,500 or more, 

 containing 24.3% of the total; in 1900, 34 such places contained 21.8%. The pop- 

 ulation in purely rural territory was 70.4% of the total in 1900 and 67.5% in 1910. 

 There were in 1910 20 cities, with 5,000 or more. Louisville, 223,928; Covington, 

 53,270; Lexington, 35,099; Newport, 30,309; Paducah, 22,760; Owensboro, 16,011; 

 Henderson, 11,452; Frankfort, 10,465; Hopkinsville, 9,419; Bowling Green, 9,173; Ash- 

 land, 8,688; Middlesboro, 7,305; Winchester, 7,156; Dayton, 6,979; Bellevue, 6,683; 

 Maysville, 6,141; Mayfield, 5,916; Paris, 5, 859; Danville, 5,420; and Richmond, 5,340. 



Agricidture. The acreage in farms increased from 2^979,422 to 22,189,127 between 

 1900 and 1910 and the improved land in farms from 13,741,968 to 14,354,471; the average 

 farm acreage fell from 93.7 to 85.6; and the value of farm property increased from $471,045,- 

 856 to $773,797,880 ($484,464,617 land; $150,994,755 buildings; $20,851,846 implements and 

 $i 17,486,662 domestic animals). Of the land area 86.3 % was in farms. The average value 

 of farm land per acre was $21.83. Farms are operated largely by owners (170,332 by owners, 

 993 by managers and 87,860 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal 

 crops were: Indian corn, 109,440,000 bu. (3,600,000 A.); wheat, 6,860,000 bu. (686,000 

 A.); oats, 4, 035,000 bu. (150,000 A.); barley, 7.8,000 bu. (3,000 A.); rye, 273,000 bu. (21,000 

 A.); potatoes, 5,151,000 bu. (51,000 A.); hay, 1,002,000 tons (815,000 A.); and tobacco, 

 343,980,000 Ibs. (441,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the total value of hemp was $348,386 

 (6,855 A.); of vegetables other than potatoes, $8,287,497; of flowers and plants, $392,409; of 

 nursery products, $115,963; of small fruits, $357,597 (strawberries, $159,765; blackberries, 

 $137,250); of orchard fruits, $4,506,950 (apples, $3,066,776; peaches.and nectarines, $1,062,- 

 138). On January I, 1912 there were on farms 443,000 horses, 234,000 mules, 398,000 

 milch cows, 561,000 other neat cattle, 1,320,000 sheep and 1,724,000 swine. 



In 1912 the legislature voted, an annual appropriation of $10,000 for the department of 

 agriculture, $5,000 of which was to be used to encourage corn clubs and similar clubs in 

 public schools; and $50,000 annually to the agricultural experiment station of the state 

 university. A statute provides that the state industrial institute, practically a farmers' 

 state fair, be held at Frankfort each year. 



Mineral Products. Total value in 1911, $18,910,731. The output of coal (bituminous) 

 was 13,706,839 tons ($13,617,217), about twice as much as in 1902. A little more petroleum 

 was produced (472,458 bbls., valued at $328,614) than in 1910, but less natural gas ($407,689) 

 than in any year since 1907, and much natural gas is now piped into the state from West 

 Virginia. The output of pig iron in 1911 was 57,982 tons ($870,542; not included in the 

 total given above) one-third less than in 1910; and that of zinc ore 158 tons ($18,012), found 

 with fluorspar, of which the value in 1911 was $96,574 (less than in 1910). No lead was 

 reported shipped to smelters in 1911. In building-stone, especially oolitic limestone (value. 

 $1,124,170), the state ranked i8th, with an output valued at $1,227,609 in 1911. The value 

 of all clay products was $2,368,094 (almost all brick and tile; less than in 1910). Mineral 

 waters bottled from 13 springs (i of these a resort) were valued at $49,827. A little barytes 

 is found. The Leitchfield marls of Grayson county, containing about 3-4 % of potash, are 

 being investigated as possible sources of potash for artificial fertiliser. In 1911 phosphate 

 rock was found in the central part of the state. 



Manufactures. From 1904 to 1909 the number of establishments increased from 3,734 

 to 4,776; of persons engaged in manufacturing from 69,755 (including .59,794 wage-earners) 

 to 79,060 (65,400 wage-earners); the capital invested from $147,282,000 to $172,779,000; 

 and the value of products from $159,754,000 to $223,754,000. The more important separate 

 manufactures in 1909 were: distilled liquors, $44,360,000, more than one-fifth of the product 

 for the entire country, Kentucky ranking 2nd among the states; flour and grist-mill products, 

 $22,365,000; lumber and timber, $21,381,000; tobacco, $18,598,000, seven-eighths of which 



x See E. B. xv. 740 et seq. 



