LOUISIANA 817 



negroes); and the average daily attendance 220,946 (19,920 negroes). Ths receipts were 

 $4,220,193 and expenditures $4,089,723. In city schools (28 cities) the population was 

 142,067 (25.849 negroes); enrollment, 69,887 (13,983 negroes); average daily attendance, 

 52,614 (7,863 negroes;. The receipts were $2,459,213 and expenditures $2,061,045. 



Charitable and Penal Institutions. 'The last legislature made an appropriation to repcir 

 the Kentucky Confederate Home (incorporated 1892) at Pewee Valley; and, besides the 

 pension act for disabled and indigent soldiers, provided for pensions for city firemen and for 

 teachers in public schools in first class cities. In 1910 and 1911 cases of pellagra were 

 reported in the Eastern State Hospital for the Insane (Lexington). In the Central Hospital 

 (Lakeland) a tuberculosis hospital was built in 1911-12 and at the Western Hospital (Hop- 

 kinsville) a tuberculosis colony was established in 1910-11. The tuberculosis hospital at 

 the Eddyville Penitentiary, authorised in 1906, was completed and opened for use in 1912. 



History. There was a state election in 1911, which resulted in the defeat of the 

 Republicans, who had been 'n control for four years. Augustus Everett Willson (b. 

 1846), Republican, governor in 1907-11, was not renominated, but the Republicans 

 named Edward Clay O'Rear (b. 1863), chief justice of the state court of appeals since 

 1907. He was defeated by James Bennett McCreary (b. 1838), who had been governor 

 in 1875-79, representative in Congress (1885-97) and United States senator (1903-09), 

 and who received 226,771 votes to 195,436 for O'Rear. The Democrats secured a strong 

 majority in the legislature. On January 16, 1912, it elected as successor to Thomas H. 

 Paynter (b. 1851), Dem., Ollie M. James (b. 1871), Democratic representative in Con- 

 gress in 1903-13, who was chairman of the Democratic National Convention at Balti- 

 more later in the year and who was affiliated with the Bryan wing of the party. In the 

 presidential campaign the sentiment of the Democrats of the state favoured Champ 

 Clark for the nomination. A conspicuous incident of the pre-nomination campaign was 

 the breach between Woodrow Wilson and Henry Watterson, who had previously advo- 

 cated in the Louisville Courier- Journal the nomination of Wilson. One Roosevelt dele- 

 gate to the Republican national convention and 17 pledged to Taft were seated after a 

 contest, June n, 1912. In the election (Nov. 5, 1912) Woodrow Wilson received 219,- 

 584 votes; Taft, 115,512; Roosevelt 102,766; and Debs, 11,647 ( m 1908, 4,000). The 

 Congressional delegation, 9 Democrats and 2 Republicans, was unchanged except that 

 A. W. Barkley (Dem.) in the ist district succeeded James, elected to the Senate. There 

 were Progressive candidates for Congress in every district but the first, and in the 5th 

 the Progressive candidate was defeated by 1,680 out of 54,000 votes. 



In 1911 there were more lynchings in Kentucky than in any other state save Georgia: 

 3 negroes, 2 accused of rape and i of wife murder, were taken from the Shelbyville jail by 

 a mob to which the jailer surrendered the keys (Jan. isth); a negro, accused of murder, 

 was taken from a marshal at Livermore, McLean county, by a mob and was shot on a 

 theatre stage (April i2th); and 4 whites were lynched at Campton (May 25th). 



The country around Hickman, Fulton county, was flooded (about 300 sq. m.) early 

 in April 1912, when the Mississippi burst a levee (3 ft. below standard grade but built 

 up by sack topping) when the water was i ft. above the levee. 



Bibliography. Acts of the General Assembly (Frankfort, 1912) and state departmental 

 reports; B. H. Young, The Prehistoric Men of Kentucky (Louisville, 1910); Mary Verhoeff, 

 The Kentucky Mountains: Transportation and Commerce, 1750 to 1911; A Study in the Eco- 

 nomic History of a Coal Field, vol. I (Louisville, 1911). 



LOUISIANA ! 



Population (1910) 1,656,388, an increase of 19.9% since 1900, the absolute numerical 

 increase being greater than in any preceding decade. In 1900-10 the proportion of 

 negroes decreased from 47.1 % to 43.1 % and that of the foreign-born whites from 3.7% 

 to 3.1 %. Density of population, 36.5 to the sq. m. The rural population was 68.7 % of 

 the total in 1900 and 63.4% in 1910, and the urban 26.5% in 1900 (in 15 incorporated 

 places, each with more than 2,500 inhabitants) and 30% in 1910 (in 26 such places). 

 There were in 1910 n places of 5,000 or more; New Orleans, 339,075; Shreveport, 

 28,015; Baton Rouge, 14,897; Lake Charles, 11,449; Alexandria, 11,213; Monroe, 10,- 



1 See E. B. xvii, 53 et seq. 



