822 MAINE 



247; Bangor, 24,803; Biddefortl, 17,079; Auburn, 15,064; Augusta, 13,211; Waterville, 

 11,458; Bath, 9,396; Sanford, 9,049; Westbrook, 8,281; Rockland,8,i74; South Portland, 

 7,471; Rumford, 6,777 (Rumford Falls, 5,427); Brunswick, 6621 (village 5,341); Saco, 

 6,583; Old Town, 6,317; Calais, 6,116; Houlton, 5,845; Brewer, 5,667; Caribou, 5,377; 

 Skowhegan, 5,34*; Gardiner, 5,311; Presque Isle, S,*79- 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 6,299,946 to 6,296,859 between 

 1900 and 1910 and the improved land from 2,386,889 to 2,360,657; the average farm acreage 

 fell from 106.2 to 104.9 an d the value of farm property increased from 122,410,904 to 

 8199,271,998 ($86,481,395 land; $73,138,231 buildings; $14,490,533 implements; $25,161,- 

 839 domestic animals). Of the land area 32.9 % was in farms. The average value of farm 

 land per acre was $13.73. Farms were operated largely by owners (56,454 by owners, 999 

 by managers and 2,563 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal crops 

 were: Indian corn, 640,000 bu. (16,000 A.); wheat, 70,000 bu. (3,000 A.); oats, 4,602,000 bu. 

 (133,000 A.); barley, 105,000 bu. (4,000 A.); buckwheat, 412,000 bu. (14,000 A.); potatoes, 

 23,166,000 bu. (117,000 A.); and hay, 1,428,000 tons (1,231,000 A.). In 1909 (U. S. 

 Census) crops were valued at $39,317,647: $15,115,821, hay and forage; $10,224,714, pota- 

 toes; $5,573,763, forest products of farms; $3,100,902, cereals; $2,215,116, fruits and nuts 

 (2,121,816, apples); and $2,153,003, vegetables other than potatoes. The value of poultry 

 on farms was $1,131,921, and of poultry and eggs sold during the year, $3,386,865. On 

 January I, 1912 there were on farms: 109,000 horses, 155,000 milch cows, 98,000 other neat 

 cattle, 186,000 sheep and 101,000 swine. 



In 1911 a live stock sanitary commissioner was appointed by the governor to improve 

 breeds of cattle and to study and prevent contagious diseases among them. For protection 

 from gypsy moths $20,000 in 1911 and $15,000 in 1912 was appropriated. The state experi- 

 ment station in 1911-12 cooperated with the Federal department of agriculture in experi- 

 ments in poultry breeding. In October 1912 the General Education Board granted $8,000 

 for agricultural demonstration work in Washington, Kennebec, Oxford and Cumberland 

 counties under the State College of Agriculture. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, about $4,645,630. The largest item was stone, 

 valued at $2,263,200, mostly granite. Lime was valued at $773,212 (considerably less than 

 in 1910), clay products at $625,214, and mineral waters, bottled at 28 springs (including 3 

 resorts) at $431,740. In output of slate, $263,516, the state ranked 3rd, and in felspar, 

 25,976 tons, valued at $246,305, it ranked 1st. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 3,145 to 3,546 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 82,109 (74.958 wage-earners) to 88,476 

 (79.955 wage earners); the capital invested from $143,708,000 to $202,260,000 (40.7%); 

 and the value of products from $144,020,000 to $176,029,000. The six largest industries 

 reported a little more than two-thirds the total value of products. These were: paper 

 and wood-pulp, $33,950,000 (more than one-eighth the total value for the United States); 

 lumber and timber, including wooden boxes, $26,125,000 more spruce and more balsam 

 fir was cut in Maine than in any other state; cotton goods, $21,932,000; woolen, worsted and 

 felt goods, $18,490,000; boots and shoes, $15,509,000; canning and preserving, fruits, vege- 

 tables (sweet corn) and fish and oysters, $7,689,000. Shipbuilding (largely at Bath), had 

 a product valued at $3,062,000. The value of marble and stone work was $2,565,000. 



The 7 cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more manufactured together about three-tenths of 

 the state's total by value: Portland, $11,950,400; Lewiston, $10,475,400 (two-thirds, cotton 

 goods); Biddeford, $9,011,600 (seven-tenths, cotton goods); Auburn, $8,842,600 (seven- 

 tenths, boots and shoes); Augusta, $4,662,175; Bangor, $3, 345, 700 and Waterville, $3,179,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January i, 1912, 2322.17. In 1911 the legislature 

 defined the trunk line of state highways and substituted for the three-quarter mill tax for 

 state highways an appropriation of $250,000. In September 1912 a constitutional amend- 

 ment was adopted (80,619 votes to 21,454) for a bond issue of $2,000,000 for improvement of 

 roads, the funds to be raised by tax on automobiles. The Federal government in 1911-12 

 completed the improvement between the mouth of the Kennebec river and Gardiner, with a 

 Hood tide depth of 20.5 ft., the removal of ledge at Rockport harbour entrance, the deepen- 

 ing of East Boothbay harbour to 8 ft., of Camden harbour to 10 and 12 ft., and of Stockton 

 harbour to 25 ft. (formerly 18-20); the work of widening the channel of the Penobscot at 

 Bangor was more than half completed; and work had begun for a ^ ft. depth on the Saco 

 river from the head of navigation to the sea. 



Government. The regular session of the legislature was held in 1911 from January 

 4th to March ^rd; a special session in 1912 from March 2oth to April 6th. On March 

 31, i<)ii it ratified the proposed i6th amendment to the Federal Constitution providing 

 for a Federal income tax, which had previously been rejected in the state. An act for 

 uniform ballot boxes at elections was passed by a referendum vote (72,816 to 33,884) 

 in September 1912. Columbus Day (i2th of October) was^made a legal holiday. A 



