824 MARYLAND 



votes to 21,700), as was a constitutional amendment making Augusta the permanent 

 capital. The repeal of prohibition was shelved for the time by the rejection in the 

 legislature (March 23, 1912) of another local option amendment (passed by senate 18 

 to 8; vote in house, 71 for, 64 against a two-thirds vote was necessary), and by the 

 defeat (Sept. 9, 1912) of Governor Plaisted by 3,300 plurality (67,748 to 71,043) for 

 William T. Haines, Republican, state attorney-general in 1896-1 goo. 1 One seat in 

 Congress (3rd District) was won from the Democrats by the Republicans, the seats now 

 being held by three Republicans and one Democrat (and District). There was no 

 state Progressive ticket, many of the Republican nominees being Progressive in sym- 

 pathy. In the November election Wilson carried the state, by 51,113 votes to 48,493 

 for Roosevelt, 26,545 for Taft, and 2,541 for Debs (1,758 in 198). 



In 1911 (Jan. i7th) Charles Fletcher Johnson (b. 1859), Democratic candidate for 

 governor in 1892 and 1894, was chosen U.S. senator to succeed Eugene Hale (b. 1836), 

 Republican, who had served in the United States Senate since 1881 ; and upon the death 

 of William Pierce Frye (1831-1911; Republican; senator since 1881 and repeatedly 

 president pro tern, of the Senate) Obadiah Gardner (b. 1852), Democratic candidate for 

 governor in 1908 and (against Johnson) for senator in 1911, was appointed (April 3, 

 1912) for the unexpired term to March 4, 1913. To succeed him, Edwin Chick Burleigh 

 (b. 1843; governor, 1880-93; representative in Congress, 1897-1911), Republican, was 

 chosen by the Republican primaries on June I7th (when the Democrats renominated 

 Gardner) and by the legislature January 15, 1913. 



Three ex-governors of the state died in 1912: on February 3rd, Frederick Robie 

 (b. 1822), governor in 1883-87; on March i6th, John Fremont Hill (b. 1855), a publisher 

 and capitalist, governor in 1901-05, and prominent in the national organisation of the 

 Republican party; and on June 22nd, Henry Bradstreet Cleaves (b. 1840), who served 

 in the Civil War and was state attorney-general in 1880-85 and governor in 1893-97. 



Bibliography. Acts and Resolves (Augusta, 1911); other state reports. 



.Population (1910) 1,295,346; 9% more than in 1900; the absolute increase (107,- 

 302) was less than in any decade since 1860-70. The number of negroes decreased 

 from 235,064 (19.8% of the total) in 1900 to 232,249 (17.9%) in 1910; foreign-born 

 whites increased from 7.9% to 8.0%. In density of population Maryland ranked 7th 

 with 130.3 persons to the sq. m. The rural population (in unincorporated places) 

 was 45.5% of the total in 1900 and 43.8% in 1910; the urban in 1900 was 49.8% (in 

 14 incorporated places with 2,500 or more) and in 1910, 50.8% (in 15 such places). 

 In 1910 these 15 places vere: Baltimore, 558,485; Cumberland, 21,839; Hagerstown, 

 16,507; Frederick, 10,411; Annapolis, 8,609; Salisbury (town), 6,690; Cambridge 

 (town), 6,407; Frostburg (town), 6,028; Havre de Grace, 4,212; Brunswick (town), 

 3,721; Crisfield (town), 3,468; Westminster, 3,295; Easton (town), 3,083; Chestertown 

 (town), 2,735; Westernport (town), 2,702. 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 5,170,075 to 5,057,140 between 1900 

 and 1910, and the improved land in farms from 3,516,352 to 3,354,767; the average farm 

 acreage fell from 112.4 to 103.4; anf l the value of farm property increased from $204,645,407 

 to 8286,167,028 (8163,451,614 land; 878,285,509 buildings; 811,859,771 implements; and 

 832,570,134 domestic animals). Of the land area 79.5% was in farms. The average value 

 of farm land per acre was $32.32. Farms were operated largely by owners (33,519 by 

 owners, 14,416 by tenants and 988 by managers). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the 

 principal crops were: Indian corn, 24,455,000 bu. (670,000 A.); wheat, 8,985,000 bu. (599,000 

 A.); oats, 1,350,000 bu. (45,000 A.); barley, 108,000 bu. (4,000 A.); rye, 418,000 bu. (27,000 

 A.); buckwheat, 210,000 bu. (12,000 A.); potatoes, 4,144,000 bu. (37,000 A.); hay, 575,000 

 tons (381,000 A.) and tobacco, 17,160,000 Ibs. (26,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the value 

 of vegetables other than potatoes was $5,729,400; of flowers and plants, 8597,001 ; of nursery 

 products, $456,900; of small fruits, $1,227,548 (strawberries, 81,070,072); of orchard fruits, 

 $1,517,400 (apples, 8902,077); of grapes, $53,498. On January I, 1912 there were on farms 



The Socialist candidate for governor received 2,110 votes; the Prohibitionist, 1,204. 

 * See E. B. xvii, 827 el seq. 



