MARYLAND 825 



103,000 horses, 23,000 mules, 168,000 milch cows, 119,000 other neat cattle, 230,000 sheep, 

 and 345,000 swine. The Federal department of agriculture in 1911-12 carried on breeding 

 experiments of poultry, of Barbados sheep, and of native and Saanen goats at the experiment 

 farm of the Bureau of Animal Industry at Beltsville. The state horticultural department 

 has been campaigning against the importation to the state of nursery plants infested by 

 brown-tail moth and other pests. In 191 1 the legislature voted aid to the high schools which 

 give instruction in agriculture. In 1912 the appointment of a Maryland country life com- 

 mission of seven members was provided for. The legislature provided for a state biological 

 laboratory (after 1912) to test serums, etc., and passed a law for the inspection, analysis and 

 regulation of the sale of commercial fertilisers. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $9,386,663. About two-thirds of this was the 

 value of coal ($5,197,066; 4,685,795 tons considerably less than in 1910) and of iron ore 

 (not separately reported). Clay products were valued at $1,772,434, of which $1,518,023 

 was the value of brick and tile. Mineral waters (bottled at 12 springs, including 2 resorts) 

 were valued at $150,966, 47% more than in 1910. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 3,852 to 4,837 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 107,303 (94,174 wage-earners) to 125,489 

 (107,921 wage-earners); the capital invested from $201,878,000 to $251,227,000; and the 

 value of products from $243,376,000 to $315,669,000. In 1909 first in value among the prod- 

 ucts was men's clothing, $36,921,000 Maryland ranks 4th in this industry. In women's 

 clothing ($4,351,000) the state ranked 8th. Canning and preserving, including vegetables, 

 fruits, fish and oysters, pickles, etc., is a typical industry; the value of the output was $13,- 

 709,000, Among other larger products were: slaughtering and meat-packing products, 

 $13,683,000; lumber and timber products, $i2,i34,-ooo; foundry and machine-shop products, 

 $11,978,000; tobacco, $10,559,000; fertilisers, $9,673,000; flour and grist-mill products, 

 $9,268,000; steam-railway car construction and repair, by railway companies, $9,059,000. 



All industries are largely centred in Baltimore, the value of whose product was $186,978,- 

 ooo, ranking the city I3th in the country. Other important cities were: Cumberland, $4,534,- 

 ooo; Hagerstown, $3,197,000; and Frederick, $2,911,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 1,473.11. In 1912 an extension of 

 the Western Maryland was completed, 87 m., connecting Cumberland and Connellsville and 

 forming an important trans-Allegheny line with connections with New York Central lines. 

 The legislature of 1912 appropriated $300,000 a year for public roads and $50,000 for the com- 

 pletion of .State Road No. i; and $75,000 to connect the Maryland system of good roads 

 with the proposed State Boulevard of Delaware. In 1911 the Federal government finished 

 widening the Fort McHenry channel near Baltimore. 



Legislation. The legislature met in regular session from January 3 to April i, 1912. 

 It submitted for ratification at the general election in 1913 constitutional amendments 

 providing for the method of condemning private property for public use; and allowing 

 the legislature to excuse from penalty the seller of a vote and putting all the penalty 

 on the briber. Primary and election laws were repeatedly amended, but the old dis- 

 tinctions between different counties were kept in all these acts. A new registration 

 with party affiliations was required; bribery, intimidation and corruption were for- 

 bidden at primaries. A provision was made for first and second choice vote for nomi- 

 nees for state offices. A presidential primary act requires delegates in the state con- 

 vention to vote for the candidates chosen by the vote of the district or county " as 

 long as in their conscientious judgment there is any possibility " of their being success- 

 ful, and the same requirement is made of delegates to national conventions, but these 

 delegates may go uninstructed, and on 'presidential preference ballots there must be a 

 separate column headed " For an uninstructed -delegate." A new corrupt practices 

 act was passed limiting a candidate's expenditures to $10 per thousand registered 

 voters (qualified to vote for the office in question) up to 50,000 and $5 per thousand 

 above 50,000. Agents must file statements within 20 days and candidates within 

 30 days, of their expenditures at primaries or other elections, Any .promise made 

 by the wife of a candidate is to be considered as coming from the candidate. Three 

 voting machines were authorised for use in Baltimore. 



. In 1912 the " Rule in Shelley's case" (see E. B. xxiv, 832) was abolished, as had previously 

 been done by almost every other state. 



The powers of the public service commission were increased and it may order the issue 

 of excursion, commutation or of joint interchangeable mileage tickets. Occupational dis- 

 eases must be reported by physicians to the state board of health. Workmen and employers 

 may contract that an employee may be insured against death or accident, and the employer is 

 thus relieved from damages. The benefits under this act are in case of death three years' 



