826 MARYLAND 



wages, but not less than $i,opp (if there are no dependents not less than $75 nor more than 

 jioo); in case of total disability 50% of the weekly wages after the first week during the 

 period of disability. In manufacturing, mercantile, mechanical, printing, baking and 

 laundering establishments women are not permitted to work more than 10 hours a day or 60 

 a week (the old 10 hour law applied to cotton and woollen mills only and was practically a 

 dead letter); nor more than 8 hours a day if any work is done before 6 A.M. or after 10 P.M.; 

 nor continuing more than 6 hours without a half-hour interval, unless the working day is only 

 62 hours. Allegany county is excepted; in establishments in that county where the average 

 number of hours for the year is not more than 9 hours a day, there may be overtime during 

 6 weeks because of seasonal demands. A new child labour law forbids the employment of 

 children under 14 in most establishments except canneries and in any establishment during 

 school hours. Children under 12 may not work in canneries nor children under 1 6 in dan- 

 gerous employments, nor without employment certificates. Children under 18 may not be 

 employed in certain very dangerous employments such as the manufacturing of explosives, 

 nor in places where liquor is manufactured or sold, and no minor may be employed in a 

 barroom. No girl under 18 is to be employed in work where she must stand continually. 

 In cities over 20,000 no messenger under 18 is to be employed between 10 P.M. and 6 A.M. 

 Boys under 12 and girls under 16 may not be employed in selling newspapers in cities of 

 20,000 or more except that boys may deliver papers on regular routes outside of school hours. 

 I^iws were passed for the collection of vital statistics; regulating the sale of narcotic drugs; 

 forbidding the use of common drinking cups in public places and on railway trains, and 

 requiring the registration and licensing of midwives. A bill extending local option in regard 

 to the sale of intoxicating liquor to counties not prohibiting such sale passed the lower house 

 but was defeated in the senate (April i). 



Finance. Two acts of 1910 provided for an oyster tax one levying a tax of one cent a 

 bushel and the other a tax of two cents. The court of appeals declared the latter law un- 

 constitutional and a considerable part of the taxes collected in 191 1 were restored. A loan 

 of $1,000,000 dated January I, 1914 was authorised to refund a state debt at 4% or less. A 

 loan of 400,000 for public buildings was authorised in 1912 and 600,000 was appropriated 

 for the payment of the interest on the public debt. On September 30, 1912, there was a 

 balance of 1,826,230 (1,471,521 at the beginning of the fiscal year); the receipts for the 

 year were 8,908,454 and the expenditure, $8,553,745. The state debt was: net $5,880,967; 

 gross 813,028,096. In 1912 the banking department published the "first annual roll of 

 honor" of state banks and trust companies, to encourage substantial surplus funds. 



Education. A general retirement law of 1912 for public school teachers gives a pension 

 of 200 a year to disabled teachers over 60, who have served for 25 years and who have no 

 means of comfortable support. Special laws create boards of trustees for teachers' retire- 

 ment funds in Baltimore county and in Allegany count)'. Teachers are to elect whether they 

 come under the terms of the law or not. Funds are to be raised by assessments on teachers' 

 salaries; the maximum assessment is $28.80 a year in Baltimore county and 1 8.00 in Allegany 

 county. Retired teachers are to receive a salary (not a pension) equal to one half the average 

 annual salary for the last 5 years (between 360 and 600 in Baltimore and between 8200 and 

 8400 in Allegany county). The minimum salary for white teachers of ten pupils or more, 

 except in Garrett county, was set at 8300 a year. A stricter school attendance law was 

 passed referring especially to the city of Baltimore but capable of extension to most of the 

 other counties. A loan of $600,000 was authorised for land and buildings (at Towson, 

 probably open in 1914) of the state normal school, which is to be moved from Baltimore. 



The annual appropriation for schools, including normal schools, the retired teachers' fund 

 and the department of education, was 1,450,000. Johns Hopkins University received 

 600,000, and an annual appropriation of $50,000 for free scholarships in applied science or 

 advanced technology; w r as required to erect a technology building (begun in 1912), to cost 

 with its equipment 600,000; and received its usual grant of 25,000 a year for general 

 scholarships. On October 25, 1912 the University received 200,000 from James Buchanan 

 Brady for a urological institute. On April IO, 1912 Ira Remsen (see E. B. xv, 461, footnote) 

 resigned the presidency of the university. 



For the year ending July 31, 1912 the school population was 415,908; the enrollment in 

 public schools, 228,425; average daily attendance, 146,408; and average length of school 

 year, 9.35 months. The total receipts were $4,356,542 and the expenditures $4,351,046. 



In 1910 of the total population I o years and over 7.2% were illiterate (11.1% in 1900). 

 Of whites the percentage was 3.7 (5.2 in 1900); of negroes 23.4 (35.1 in 1900). 



Penal and Charitable Institutions. In 1912 a commission was appointed to investigate 

 the penal laws and penal system of the state. The legislature made, as it usually does, 

 large appropriations for private charities; appropriated $15,000 for the purchase of Pine 

 Bluff Sanitarium, near Salisbury, to be used as the Eastern Shore State Tuberculosis Sani- 

 tarium; (200,000 for a state hospital on the Eastern Shore near Cambridge, Dorchester 

 county; and for additional accommodations, buildings, etc., the following sums: $150,000 

 for the training school for feeble-minded at Owings Mills, hereafter to be called the Rosewood 

 state training school; 8175,000 for the Hospital for the Negro Insane (opened 1911) at 

 Crownsville, hereafter to be called the Crownsville Hospital; $ 1 00,000 for the Hospital at 



