828 MASSACHUSETTS 



an hour. A Baltimore ordinance (Dec. 1910) forbidding a coloured family to live in a block 

 where the majority of the tenants were white, was declared invalid early in 1911, and 

 on April 6th the city council provided that one " race " be excluded as soon as a block 

 is inhabited entirely by the other, and under a clause in the earlier law forbade whites 

 moving into blocks where the tenants were mostly negroes. A constitutional amend- 

 ment (the " Poe " measure, prepared by Edgar Allan Poe, Democrat, attorney-gen- 

 eral), practically disfranchising the negro, was defeated at the November election in 

 1911, largely through the efforts of Senator Rayner. On Christmas Day 1911 a negro 

 accused of murder was lynched at Brooklyn, near Baltimore. 



In conformity with an act of the legislature of that year the mayor of Baltimore 

 appointed on November 25, 1910 a "Commission on City Plan." Plans for a civic 

 centre have been tentatively approved, and in the autumn of 1912 actual construction 

 of a street to serve as an approach to it was well under way. 



Bibliography. Laws (Baltimore, 1912); other state documents; Lady Edgar, A Colonial 

 Governor in Maryland: Horatio Sliarpe and His Times, 1753-73 (New York, 1912); B. C. 

 Steiner, Maryland under the Commonwealth (Baltimore, 1911). 



MASSACHUSETTS 1 



Population (1910), 3,366,416 (51.4% of the total for New England), an increase 

 of 20% since 1900. There was an increase in 1900-10 in the percentage of foreign 

 born whites (29.9 to 31.2) and of whites of foreign parentage (32 to 34.8); but whites 

 of native parentage decreased from 36.8% to 32.8%, and negroes from 1.2% to 1.1%. 

 In density of population the state ranked 2nd to Rhode Island only (418.8 to the sq. m.). 

 The highest density was 14,340.9, in Suffolk county (including Boston). Incorporated 

 places with less than 2,500 inhabitants each comprised 7.2% of the total (8.5% in 1900). 

 More than half the total (46% in 1900) was in cities or towns of more than 50,000; 

 there were 104 cities and towns, each with 5,000 inhabitants or more, of which 55 had 

 10,000 or more each, and 25 had 25,000 or more. These 25 were: Boston, 670,585 

 (in 1900, 560,892); Worcester, 145,986; Fall River, 119,295; Lowell, 106,294; Cam- 

 bridge, 104,839; New Bedford, 96,652; Lynn, 89,336; Springfield, 88,926; Lawrence, 

 85.892; Somerville, 77,236; Holyoke, 57,730; Brockton, 56,878; Maiden, 44,404; Haver- 

 hill, 44,115; Salem, 43,697; Newton, 39,806; Fitchburg, 37,826; Taunton, 34,259; 

 Everett, 33,484; Quincy, 32,642; Chelsea, 32,452; Pittsfield, 32,121; Waltham, 27,834; 

 Brookline (town), 27,792; Chicopee, 25,401. 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 3,147,064 to 2,875,941 between 1900 

 and 1910 and the improved land in farms from 1,292,132 to 1,164,501; the average farm 

 acreage fell from 83.4 to 77.9; and the value of farm property increased from $182,646,704 

 to $226,474,025 ($105,532,616 land; $88,636,149 buildings; $11,563,894 implements; $20,- 

 741,366 domestic animals). Of the land area 55.9% was in farms. The average value of 

 farm land per acre was $36.69. Farms were operated largely by owners (32,075 by owners, 

 1,863 by managers and 2,979 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal 

 crops were: Indian corn, 2,115,000 bu. (47,000 A.); oats, 272,000 bu. (8,000 A.); rye, 56,000 

 bu. (3,000 A.); buckwheat, 42,000 bu. (2,000 A.); potatoes, 3,380,000 bu. (26,000 A.); hay, 

 596,000 tons (477,000 A.); and tobacco, 9,860,000 Ibs. (5,800 A.). On January I, 1912, 

 there were on farms 64,000 horses, 167,000 milch cows, 80,000 other neat cattle, 35,000 

 sheep, and 117,000 swine. In 1909 (U.S. Census) vegetables (other than potatoes) had an 

 acreage of 37, 220 and a value of $6,190,000; flowers, plants and nursery products, 2, 750 acres, 

 $3,061,000; small fruits, 9,552 acres, $1,676,790 (cranoerries, 6,577 acres; $1,062,205); orchard 

 fruits, $2,074,270 (apples, $1,780,290). 



In place of the cattle bureau of the state board of agriculture a department of animal 

 industry was created in 1912. A law of 1911 provides for the appointment of a state inspec- 

 tor of apiaries and for the suppression of infectious or contagious diseases of bees. For the 

 suppression of gypsy and brown-tail moths $150,000 was appropriated in 1911 and $325,000 

 in 1912. An act of 1911 established a state bird and game preserve, and in October 1912 

 the commissioners on fisheries and game reported 15,000 acres acquired for it. 



Fisheries. In 1911 93,760,109 Ibs. of fish with a total value of $2,575,282 were landed 

 at Boston; this included 131,200 Ibs. of salt fish, and of fresh fish, 47,687,300 Ibs. haddock, 

 21,704,300 Ibs. cod, 5,095,840 Ibs. hake, 2,916,800 Ibs. cusk, and 2,588,694 Lbs. mackerel. 

 At Gloucester the total was 91,393,258 Ibs. (value $2,449,215), of which 40,157,577 was 



1 See E. B. xvii, 850 et seq. 



