MASSACHUSETTS 829 



salted; the principal varieties of fresh fish were: cod, 12,272,843 Ibs.; pollock, 9,651,178 Ibs.; 

 haddock, 9,024,102 Ibs.; hake, 6,759,243 Ibs.; cusk, 3.516,703 Ibs. . 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $6,623,077. The principal item was stone, valued 

 at 3,692,000, granite being valued at $2,361,624, and trap rock and sandstone being next 

 in importance. Clay products were valued at $1,700,287, of which $1,471,761 was the value 

 of brick and tile; lime at $695,662, ranking the state 6th; and mineral waters from 56 springs, 

 at $21.8,870. 



Manufactures. ; In 1904-09 the number of manufacturing establishments increased 

 from 10,723 to 11,684 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 532,481 to 644,399 

 (wage-earners from 488,399 to 584,559); the capital invested from $965,949,000 to $1,279,- 

 687,000 (32.5%); and the value of products from $1,124,092,00010 $1,490,529,000 (32.6%). 

 In 1909 the state ranked 4th (as in 1889 and 1899) in manufactures. 



There were reported 76 separate industries each with a product valued at $500,000 or 

 more; and of these 4 exceeded $50,000,000, 6 more exceeded $25,006,000 and 1 6 more exceeded 

 $10,000,000.' The most important industry with a value ($236,343,000) more than one- 

 seventh the state's total, was the manufacture of boots and shoes; the state was the largest 

 producer in the Union, with 46.1 % of the country's total. Cotton goods ranked second with 

 a value of $186,462,006; in this industry, in woollen, worsted and felt goods ($141,967,000) 

 and cordage, twine, jute and linen goods ($16,632,000), as well as in all textiles combined 

 ($387,063,000), Massachusetts ranked 1st. Other important manufactures were: foundry 

 and machine-shop products, $86,926,000; slaughtering and meat-packing, $44,403^000; 

 paper (especially fine writing paper) and wood pulp, $40,097,000; tanned, curried and fin- 

 ished leather, $40,002,000; electrical machinery, etc., $28, 143,000; lumber and timber products, 

 $23,026,000; rubber boots and shoes, $18,722,000; men's clothing, $18,314,000; confectionery, 

 $15,266,000; jewelry, $15,211,000; and hosiery and knit goods, $14,736,000. The principal 

 manufacturing cities were: Boston, $237,457,000; Lawrence, $79,993,000 (73.2% being woollen 

 and worsted goods, ranking the city 1st in the United States in this product); Worcester, 

 $77,148,000; Lynn, $71,503,000 (65.3% boots and shoes); Fall River, $64,146000 (757% 

 cotton goods); Lowell, $60,271,000 (41.1% cotton goods); New Bedford, $53,237,840 (79.8% 

 cotton goods); Brockton, $45,972,000 (85.5% boots and shoes); Cambridge, $44,227,000; 

 Holyoke, $40,097,000 (chiefly textiles and fine writing paper) ; Somerville, $38,687,000 (80.8 % 

 slaughtering and meat-packing); Haverhill, $35,377,ooo (82.4% boots and shoes) ; Springfield, 

 $31,773,000; Fitchburg, $23,252,000 (40.2% textiles) ; Chicopee, $19, 2 19,000; Chelsea, $17,002,- 

 ooo; Peabody, $15,549,000 (82.9% leather); Taunton, $15,380,000; Pittsfield, 15,215,000; 

 Attleborough, $15,160,000 (48.8% jewelry); Salem, $14, 576,000; and Plymouth, $11,618,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 2,135.1. In May 1911 the electric 

 installation in the Hoosac Tunnel was completed. In 1912 the highway commission was 

 authorised to issue $5,000,000 in scrip for construction of state highways in 1913-17, inclu- 

 sive, not more than $1,000,000 to be expended in any one year. The Cape Cod Canal 

 (see E. B. xvii, 854a) was five-eighths finished in 1912; the time for its completion was extend- 

 ed to June 1914. In 1911 the state dredged in Hingham harbour an anchorage basin 6 ft. 

 deep and a channel 75 ft. wide and 6 ft. deep to connect this basin and the channel made by 

 the Federal government, which the state widened from 50 to 75 ft. The more important 

 recent improvements in Massachusetts waters under Federal charge are: new jetties at New- 

 buryport, under an Act of 1910, 85 % completed in 1912; the removal of ledges in Gloucester 

 harbour, begun in 1911 and IO% completed in 1912; and the improvements of channel and 

 turning basin in Lynn harbour, 37% completed in 1912; deepening the lower Mystic 

 river to 25 ft., completed in 1911; widening and straightening Weymouth Fore river, under 

 Act of February 27, 1911 (dredging 97 %, ledge 60% completed in 1912) and dredging Wey- 

 mouth Back river, completed in 1912; removal of shoals in Fall River harbour, begun in 



1911 and 50% completed; dredging the channel of Boston harbour to 35 ft. depth, completed 



1912 and removal of ledges at the south edge of the channel, 25% completed in 1912. A 

 Board of Port Directors of Boston created in 1911 is to expend $9,000,000 in improving the 

 harbour; on December 24, 1912 they voted to expend $3,000,000 for a drydock in South 

 Boston large enough to accommodate vessels 1,000 ft. long and 120 ft. wide. A state com- 

 mission on a free ship canal between Boston and Narragansett Bay, to be built by the Federal 

 government with the co-operation of the state, reported in May 1911 adversely. 



Legislation. Regular sessions of the legislature were held both in 1911 and 1912. 

 In 1911 two constitutional amendments were adopted, after submission to popular 

 vote; one providing for the use of voting machines if the right of secret voting be pre- 

 served, and the other authorising cities to take by condemnation proceedings more 

 private property than might actually be required to widen public thoroughfares. The 

 1912 session submitted to the people an amendment to disqualify from voting those 

 convicted of corrupt practices in respect to elections carried, 204,892 votes to 85, 

 689; and one permitting the legislature to tax wild or forest lands to "develop and 

 conserve the forest resources of the Commonwealth," which was adopted by 200,819 



