MASSACHUSETTS 8 33 



at Shirley (opened 1909). Departments of defective delinquents were created at the Reform- 

 atory .for Women, at the Massachusetts Reformatory and at the State Farm, and criminal 

 defectives from other institutions are to be turned over to these departments. The super- 

 vision of wayward and delinquent children was transferred in 1912 from the state board of 

 charity to a commission on probation. The use of solitary confinement rooms in reforma- 

 tories was forbidden, and corporal punishment in the Lynian School was restricted. Prisoners 

 of the state prison may be released on parole after serving two-thirds of the minimum term of 

 two years, and the same provision was extended in 1912 to prisoners transferred from the 

 state prison to the reformatory. The prison commissioner is required to arrange for the 

 segregation of epileptic prisoners in any state institution. In 1911 Governor Foss freed so 

 many convicts that the pardoning committee of the executive council adopted in 1912 

 stricter rules governing pardons. 



The state's appropriations for penal and charitable institutions are large and in almost 

 every instance the appropriation carries a' large amount from the receipts of the institution 

 at the time in the treasury. The plan of making goods for public use by the labour of prisoners 

 was enlarged in 1912. The Worcester State Asylum is to be superseded by one on the 

 Grafton Colony (opened 1903 as a branch of the Worcester Asylum), where additional build- 

 ings are to be completed in 1915. A commission wa? appointed in 1912 to report, in January, 

 1913, on the support of dependent minor children of widowed mothers. Experiments in the 

 cases of inebriates and users of drugs which had been carried on for many years at the Fox- 

 boro State Hospital for the insane, led to the establishment in 1912 of a separate institution 

 for inebriates known as the Norfolk State Hospital and comprising 1,000 acres and three 

 groups of buildings in the towns of Norfolk and Walpole. In 1912 the psychopathic depart- 

 ment of the Boston State Hospital was established in its new building on the Fenway in 

 Boston. In 1912 the Perkins Institution for the Blind became established in its extensive 

 new buildings, begun in February, 1911, in Watertown. 



History.- In 1911 and 1912 the majority of the legislature was Republican and 

 so were all state officers except the Democratic governor, Eugene Noble Foss (b. 1858), 

 a prominent leather manufacturer and an advocate of tariff revision and reciprocity, 

 who had been a member of the Federal House of Representatives in 1910-11. In 1911 

 he defeated Louis Adams Frothingam (b. 1871; speaker, state house of representatives 

 1904-05; lieutenant-governor, 1909), Republican, by 214,897 votes (36,160 votes on 

 Democratic Progressive ticket) to 206,795; the Socialist vote was 13,355. All candi- 

 dates for state office at this election (November 7, 1911) were chosen for the first time 

 by direct vote at primaries, the later election of the conventions being a mere formal 

 acquiescence in the primary nominations. In 1912 Governor Foss was renominated 

 by the Democrats, getting 63,000 votes in the primaries to 36,000 for Pelletier, and 

 was again elected, in November, by 193,184 to 143,597 for the Republican candidate, 

 Joseph Walker, speaker of the state lower house in 1909-11, and 122,602 for Charles 

 Sumner Bird (b. 1855), Progressive, a paper manufacturer. With Foss, a Democratic 

 lieutenant-governor was elected (with 3,465 votes less than for Foss) for the first time 

 David I. Walsh, who had been defeated for the same office in 1911 by Robert Luce 

 (b. 1862), Republican. The Democratic candidate for secretary was elected, but the 

 Republicans elected treasurer, auditor and attorney general. There will still be a 

 Republican majority in the governor's council and a Republican plurality in the 1913 

 legislature (in which there will be i Socialist, from Haverhill, and 8 Progressives) as- 

 suring the election of a Republican as United States senator to succeed W. Murray 

 Crane (b. 1853; governor 1900-02; senator 1904-13), who refused (May 21) to be a 

 candidate for re-election. The principal Democratic candidate for the senatorship had 

 been John Francis Fitzgerald (b. 1863; representative in Congress, 1895-1901; mayor 

 of Boston 1906-07 and 1910-11). Republican candidates were ex-governor Eben S. 

 Draper, William B. Plunkett and Congressmen John Wingate Weeks (-b. 1860; gradu- 

 ated U.S. Naval Academy 1881; representative in Congress since 1905) and S. W. 

 McCall. Weeks was chosen January 13, 1913. On January 18, 1911, Henry Cabot 

 Lodge, Republican, was re-elected U.S. senator. 



The primary contest for the presidential campaign was marked by the speeches of 

 President Taft and of ex-President Roosevelt in the state Taft carried the preferential 

 primary (May i, 1912) by 3,655 votes but the 8 delegates-at-large for Roosevelt were 

 chosen apparently because 13,000 ballots for the Taft candidates were invalidated 

 on a technicality. Roosevelt immediately instructed these delegates-at-large to vote 



