MICHIGAN 8 35 



William M. Wood, was arrested August 30, charged with " planting " dynamite during 

 the strike to discredit the strikers. On a similar charge the city clerk, John J. Breen, 

 was arrested in January, was convicted and, October i, was recalled from office by 3,373 

 votes to 2,269. As the time for the trial of Giovannitti and Ettor (at Salem, by change 

 of venue) approached, trouble broke out again; Hay wood was arrested in Boston 

 (September 15) for inciting a strike of protest against the imprisonment of the two; 

 there was an actual cessation of work, beginning September 27, with violence on the 

 29th and 3oth, but the mills reopened October 3. Ettor, Giovannitti and a workman 

 named Caruso were acquitted on November 26. The conditions of the strike were 

 unusual in that the workmen were of so many different nationalities Italians, Portuguese, 

 Belgians, Germans, Polish, Lithuanians, Syrians, Armenians, etc. Several nationalities 

 had cooperative associations which helped support the strikers by loans, by maintain- 

 ing soup-kitchens, and in other ways. 1 



During the year there were several other strikes in the state: on the Boston elevated 

 railway (June 7 to July 29), a victory for the strikers who appealed to the state board 

 of conciliation and arbitration; a peaceful strike at New Bedford in the cotton mills 

 (July i5~Sept. 10), protesting unsuccessfully against a new system of grading, introduced 

 after a strike in the spring; a textile strike in Lowell (March 25-April 22 with some 

 rioting afterwards), like the preceding marked by quarrels between the I.W.W. and 

 the Federation of Labor, a victory ior the employees; a strike of 2,000 cotton mill opera- 

 tives in Clinton (March 2o-April 22), resulting in an increase of 10% with an unsuccess- 

 ful after-strike (June 26) for the reinstatement of one man; a strike a month long, 

 ending April 9, at West Warren cotton mills, resulting in a victory; a weavers' strike 

 (August 5-16) at Adams; in Lynn, a glaziers' strike (September) and a shoe cutters' 

 strike (October i6-November i); and a longshoremen's strike in Boston (January 4- 

 February 14), also successful. 



In Boston the " Boston 1915 " movement, an elaborate plan for city betterment 

 under the chamber of commerce, is doing much to improve the city and assist its 

 growth. In 1911 subway leases were extended to 1936, and work was begun on 

 the Boylston Street and Dorchester tunnels and on an extension of the East Boston 

 tunnel. On March 23, 1912 the subway from Park Street, Boston, to Harvard 

 Square, Cambridge, 3 miles, on which work was begun July 12, 1909, was formally 

 opened to the public. In September 1912 work began on the Stadium Bridge, over 

 the Charles River between Cambridge and Brighton, the gift of Larz Anderson. 

 In Concord the Orchard house was purchased in 1912 as a memorial to Louisa May 

 Alcott. In Pittsfield a company of 50 citizens established a community theatre for the 

 presentation of good plays at low prices. In Northampton, where there has been a 

 municipal hall for theatrical performances for nearly 20 years, the Northampton 

 Players, a municipal company, was organised in the autumn of 1912; it is probably the 

 first theatrical company owned, directed and managed by an American municipality. 

 The town of Abington celebrated on June 10, 19*2 its 2ooth anniversary and dedicated 

 a memorial bridge and arch to the men who fought in the Civil War. The town of 

 Hingham on November 25, 1912 dedicated a memorial bell-tower to its founders. 



Bibliography. Acts and Resolves (2 vols., Boston, 1911 and 1912); other official reports; 

 the Manual of the General Court (ibid., 1912); C. J. Hilkey, Legal Development in Colonial 

 Massachusetts, 1630-1686 (New York, 1910); Labor Laws and Their Enforcement in Special 

 Reference to Massachusetts (vol. ii of Studies in Economic Relations of Women, Boston, 

 1912); Diary of Cotton Mather, 1681-1708 (Part I, Massachusetts Historical Society, 1911); 

 Grace G. Niles, Tlie Hoosac Valley, its Legends and History (New York, 1912). 



MICHIGAN 2 



Population (1910) 2,810,173 (16.1% more than in 1900); 43.6% were whites of 

 native parentage, 21.2% were foreign-born whites, and 0.6% were negroes. Density 



1 See Report on Strike of Textile Workers in Lawrence, Mass.; Senate Document No. 870, 

 62nd Congress, 2nd Session (Washington, 1912). . 



2 See E. B. xviii, 371 el seq. 



