8 4 o MINNESOTA 



932,000 bu. (2,948,000 A.); barley, 42,018,000 bu. (1,490,000 A.); rye, 6,026,000 bu. (262,000 

 A.); buckwheat, 126,000 bu. (6,000 A.); potatoes, 33,075,000 bu. (245,000 A.); flaxseed, 4,121,- 

 ooo bu. (404,000 A.) and hay, 2,541,000 tons (1,661,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. census) the value 

 of vegetables (excluding potatoes) was $3,359,052; of small fruits, 8493,406; of orchard 

 fruits, $801,1 12 (apples, $769,1 14). On Jan. I, 1912 there were on farms 806,000 horses, 6,000 

 mules, 1,107,000 milch cows, 1,15 1,000 other neat cattle, 600,000 sheep, 1,702,000 swine. 



The legislature in 1911 created a state forestry board, which is to appoint a state forester. 

 Railways must provide fire patrolmen, and use spark-arresters on railway locomotives for 

 the prevention of forest fires. Sub-experiment and demonstration farms were established, 

 one near Duluth, and one near Waseca. A new state fish hatchery was established near 

 Detroit. The office of state inspector of apiaries was created, and a law provides for the 

 prevention and suppression of contagious disease among bees. For experiments to rid the 

 state of grasshoppers $6,000 was appropriated, and $25,000 for grass and clover seed to be 

 distributed to farmers whose lands were burnt over in the fires of 1910. An appropriation of 

 $25,000 was made for an experiment station for the dairy and food department, near Albert 

 Lea. The experiment station recently originated new varieties of winter wheat, of oats, of 

 Indian corn, and of flax, which have become commercially valuable. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $53,460,561. The only large item is iron ore, of 

 which the state was the largest producer, with 23,398,406 tons valued at $48,447,760; six 

 mines each had more than 1,000,000 tons output all of hematite and these and five other 

 mines were the largest producers in the country. Clay products, almost entirely brick and 

 tile, were valued at $1,693,478; mineral waters, bottled at 17 springs, at 270,039. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 4,756 to 

 5,561 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 83,301 (69,636 wage-earners) to 

 104,406 (84,767 wage-earners) ; the capital invested from $184,903,000 to $275,416,000 (49 %); 

 and the value of products from 307,858,000 to $409,420,000 (33%). The principal manu- 

 factures in 1909 were: flour and grist-mill products, $139,136,000, Minnesota ranking 1st in 

 this industry; lumber and timber products, 842,353,000 (about five-sixths of the timber cut 

 was white pine and this was more than one-third of the white pine cut in the United States) ; 

 slaughtering and meat-packing products, $25,754,000; and butter, cheese and condensed 

 milk, $25,287,000 (824,581,000 being butter), Minnesota ranking 4th. Other important 

 products were: foundry and machine shop products, $15,609,000; car construction by steam 

 railway companies, $12,631,000; linseed-oil, $11,037,000; malt liquors, $10,568,000; and boots 

 and shoes, 7,568,000. The manufactures of Minneapolis were valued at $165,405,000, nearly 

 three-fifths being flour and grist-mill products; nine-tenths of the linseed-oil made in the state 

 was manufactured here. Othercitiesof importance were: St. Paul, 58,990,000; Duluth, $17,- 

 180,000 (in 1899, $7,811,000), and Winona, $11,200,000, chiefly flour and patent medicines. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 8,832.92. In 1912 the Federal 

 government had about half completed work on Lock and Dam No I on the Mississippi be- 

 tween Minneapolis and St. Paul, where the lift is to be increased from 13.3 to 30 ft., with the 

 intention of developing a passenger traffic on this part of the river; and had nearly completed 

 improvements in Duluth-Superior harbour. A constitutional amendment, establishing a 

 road and bridge fund and authorising an annual tax for roads and bridges, was adopted in 

 November 1912 by 195,724 votes to 51,135. 



Legislation. The regular biennial session of the legislature was held from January 

 3 to April 19, 1911. It submitted constitutional amendments which were voted on in 

 November 1912 by the people: requiring the state auditor to levy an acreage tax on 

 farm lands at the option of owners for an insurance fund against damage to crops from 

 wind or hail (adopted: 145,173 to 60,439); authorising the investment of school funds 

 in loans on improved Minnesota farm lands (adopted: 168,449 to 39,483); allowing 

 incorporated cities or villages desiring incorporation as cities to frame charters, and 

 classifying cities for general legislation (adopted: 157,086 to 41,977); and reapportion- 

 ing the state, providing for 63 senators, no county to have more than .7, and empowering 

 the legislature to determine the number of representatives (adopted: 122,457 to 77,187). 



The legislature urged the adoption of Federal laws to prevent Federal courts from enjoining 

 a state official from enforcing any state law before the constitutionality of the law had been 

 (Kissed on by the state courts, "leaving the United States Supreme Court to correct any 

 decision of the state court;" and the creation of a permanent non-partisan Federal tariff 

 board. A special session (June 4-18, 1912) ratified on June I2th the proposed i6th and I7th 

 amendments to the Federal Constitution. 



An act of 1911 provides for direct nomination of United States senators, and candidates 

 for the legislature may promise to vote for the choice of the primary for senator, but need not 

 sign any pledge. An elector may vote for presidential electors or state officers or on con- 

 stitutional amendments in a precinct of the state other than that in which he resides and 

 usually casts his vote. The 1912 session passed a new registration, primary and general 

 election law; it provides that judges and county superintendents of schools be nominated by 



