MONTANA *, 



St. Louis). Wood row Wilson carried the state with 330,746 votes to 207,821 for Taft 

 124,371 for Roosevelt, and 28,466 for Debs (15,431 in 1908). 



In 191 1 there were two lynchings in the state on the same day (Ort. i7th) at Caruth- 

 ersville, where a negro suspected of robbery and one accused of an assault were taken 

 from jail and shot. 



The state suffered greatly from the terrible flood of the Mississippi and Missouri 

 rivers. About 700 sq. m. in the Upper St. Francis Basin were inundated and New 

 Madrid was entirely cut off in April 1912. 



In St. Louis a joint committee on public morals, representing 30 organisations, 

 recommended late in 1912 after an exhaustive investigation the creation of a permanent 

 commission to fight the social evil. In November 1912 charter amendments for initiative 

 and referendum were adopted, but amendments for a bond issue for a free bridge and 

 for an increase in salary of members of the municipal assembly were defeated. The 

 League of Missouri Municipalities at its 5th annual convention (December 17, 1912) 

 at St. Louis adopted resolutions favouring the calling of a convention to revise the state 

 constitution. 



Bibliography. Laws (Jefferson City, 1911); the Official Manual for 1911-12; The 

 Missouri Red Book for 1911 (Part i, Labor Section); Missouri Historical Society of St. Louis 

 Collections, vol. iii, No. 4 (1912); J. D. Elliff, Missouri (New York, 1911). 



MONTANA 1 



Population (1910) 376,053 (54.5% more than in 1900). Indians and Asiatics con- 

 stituted 3. 6% (6.4% in 1900), native whites of native parentage 43.1% (38. 2% in 1900). 

 Density 2.6 to a sq. m. The population was 55.2% rural (in 1900, 58.8%). In 1910 

 there were 14 cities and towns (with 35.5% of the total) having over 2,500 inhabitants 

 each, as follows: Butte, 39,165; Great Falls, 13,948; Missoula, 12,869 (4,366 in 1900); 

 Helena, 12,515; Anaconda, 10,134; Billings, 10,031 (3,221 in 1900); Kalispell, 5,549; 

 Livingston, 5,359; Bozeman, 5,107; Red Lodge; 4,860; Miles City, 4,697; Havre (town), 

 3,624 (1,033 in 1900); Lewistown, 2,992; and Deer Lodge, 2,570. 



Agriculture. -The acreage in farms increased from 8,344,454 to 1 3>545.6o3 between 1900 

 and 1910 and the improved land in farms from 1,725,720 to 3,640,309; the average farm acre- 

 age fell from 885.9 to 516.7 and the value of farm property increased from $110,225,423 to 

 $347,828,770 ($226,771,302 land; $24,854,628 buildings; $10,539,653 implements; $85,663,187 

 domestic animals). Of the land area 14.5% was in farms in 1910. The average value of 

 farm land per acre was $16.74. Farms were operated largely by owners (23 365 by owners, 

 505 by managers, and 2,344 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal 

 crops were: Indian corn, 612,000 bu. (24,000 A.); wheat, 19,346,000 bu. (803,000 A.); oats, 

 22,848,000 bu. (476,000 A.); barley, 1,424,000 bu. (39,000 A.); rye, 235,000 bu. (10,000 A.); 

 potatoes, 6,105,000 bu. (37,000 A.); hay, 1,216,000 tons (640,000 A.) and flaxseed 5,520,000 

 bu. (460,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the value of vegetables other than potatoes was 

 $928,906; of flowers and plants, $104,601; of nursery products $174,427; of small fruits, 

 $86,586; of orchard fruits, $609,078. On January I, 1912 there were on farms 347,000 horses, 

 4,000 mules, 91,000 milch cows, 732,000 other neat cattle, 5,011,000 sheep, and 143,000 swine. 



In 1909 about one-third of the farms of the state were irrigated (two-thirds in 1889) and 

 dry-farming was used largely in Cascade, Chouteau, and Fergus counties. To 1910 the total 

 cost of irrigation had been $22,970,958, and the estimated final cost of existing projects was 

 $32,407,452. Of hay and forage crops 58 % was irrigated; of oats, 47.9 %, and of barley, 34 %. 

 Of the Federal projects the Huntley (Yellowstone county) and the Lower Yellowstone 

 (Dawson county) were practically completed in 1911-12 and irrigated respectively 12,000 

 acres (sugar beets, cereals, alfalfa) and 21,800 acres, partly in North Dakota (wheat); the 

 Milk River, 15.5 % completed, irrigated 2,000 acres, and the Sun River, 9 %, with 7,170 acres. 

 The Flathead project in 1912 was 15 % completed; the Little Porcupine unk of the Fort Peck 

 project was practically completed; and of the Blackfeet project the Two Medicine unit was 

 73% completed, the Badger-Fisher unit 25% and the Piegan unit 83.5%. 



The U.S. department of agriculture established in 191 1 an experimental farm on the Hunt- 

 ley reclamation project; the bureau of entomology has worked successfully to control the 

 bark-beetle pest near Columbia Falls; and this bureau, the biological survey and the state 

 agricultural experiment station in 1911-12 studied the origin of the spotted fever, so danger- 

 House, on the recommendation (July 19th) of the Committee of Elections, because he 

 spent $13,000 in his campaign, $662 being the maximum under the state law. 



1 See E. B. xviii, 752 et seq. 



