8 S o MONTANA 



ous to domestic cattle and to man in the Bitterroot Valley, and discovered that the tick which 

 carries it infests most frequently the ground squirrel (Citdlus columbianus), which is besides 

 a pest in the grain fields. The state has 19 demonstration dry farms and two sub-stations 

 for dry-farm work and one horticultural sub-station. A state board of poultry- husbandry' 

 was established in 1911. For 1912 the legislature appropriated $22,500 for the experiment 

 station and $20,000 for dry land farm demonstration work. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, 853,454-926. In copper the state ranked 2nd to 

 Arizona, with 271,814,491 Ibs. Second in importance were silver (12,163,900 oz.) and gold 

 (176,554 oz.), together valued at $10,218,200. The output of zinc was 22,115 tons (40 % 

 more than in 1910), of lead 2.499 tons (more than double that of 1909), and of coal 2,976 358 

 tons ($5,342.168). New deposits of phosphate rock were found in 1911 in the S.W part 

 of the state. Graphite property near Dillon, Graphite county, was being developed. 



Manufactures. From 1899 to 1909 the number of establishments increased from 395 tc 

 677; wage-earners from 9,854 to 11,655; invested capital from $38,225,000 to $44,588000 

 and value of products from $52,745,000 to $73,272,000. The principal manufactures were- 

 copper smelting and refining products (not valued separately); lumber and timber, $6,334,000 

 (102.9% more than in 1904); car construction and repairs by steam railway companies 

 $2,811,000; malt liquors, $2,440,000; flour and grist-milling products, $2,173,000; and slaugh- 

 tering and meat-packing products, $2,054,000. The largest manufacturing centres were- 

 Butte, $2,464,000; Great Falls, with large copper smelters; Helena, 1,303.000; Billings 

 $1,243,000; and Missoula, $1,171,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage January I, 1912, 4,360.72. Hauser Lake Dam across 

 the Missouri 18 m. below Helena, was completed May 21, 1911. 



Legislation. The i2th regular session of the legislature was held from January 2 to 

 March 2, 1911. The proposed i6th amendment to the Federal Constitution providing 

 for a Federal income tax was ratified on January 31. The legislature memorialised 

 Congress for a constitutional convention which should recommend an anti-polygamy 

 clause in the Federal Constitution; urged an amendment to the Federal Constitution 

 providing for the direct election of United States senators, and asked for the opening to 

 settlers of the Crow Indian Reservation and for the segregation of agricultural lands in 

 national forest reserves. The Oregon plan of direct vote for United States senators 

 and for pledging state legislators for the choice of senators was adopted. The legislature 

 ceded to the United States Glacier National Park; created the county of Musselshell 

 from parts of Fergus, Meagher and Yellowstone counties, making Roundup the tem- 

 porary county-seat, and established a fish hatchery (partly built in 1912) near Somers, 

 Flathead county. An elaborate law for the registration of voters was passed. 



The use of the "third degree" or of torture in obtaining confessions from prisoners was 

 forbidden. Common councils of first or second class cities must (others may) provide free 

 employment bureaus. Eight hours was made a working day except in emergency for men in 

 underground mines or tunnels. A new coal mining code raised the requirements and in- 

 creased powers of coal inspectors; and included provisions for safe-guarding the lives and 

 health of miners. At the October 1911 term the state supreme court declared unconstitu- 

 tional the coal-miners' compensation act passed by the legislature of 1909. The liability of 

 railways for the death of their employees was increased; contributory negligence is no longer 

 a bar to recovery but damages may be diminished therefor; there is no assumption of risk 

 if the accident happens through the negligence of an employee or of a fellow employee, and 

 liability may not be avoided by contract. The secretary of the bureau of child and animal 

 protection was authorised to appoint a deputy for each of the six more important cities. 



The penalty for the white slave traffic was made imprisonment from 2 to 20 years in the 

 state prison, or a fine of $ 1,000 to $5,000, or both imprisonment and fine. A statute forbids 

 the drinking of intoxicating liquors on passenger trains except in buffet, sleeping and dining 

 cars. No city or county may issue more than one licence for every 500 inhabitants except that 

 two saloons may be licensed in any city or town. In unincorporated cities or towns saloons 

 are not to be open between I A.M. and 6 A.M. A statute forbids the sale and manufacture of 

 adulterated fungicides and insecticides and all misbranded or adulterated food and drugs and 

 regulates the sale of dairy products. The offices of state fire marshal and state sealer of 

 weights and measures were created. Teachers in public and parochial schools must instruct 

 their pupils in the danger of fire, and a state text book was authorised for this purpose. Cities 

 may adopt the commission form of government (with provisions for recall, for referendum 

 and initiative, for nomination by petition and for strict civil service regulation), at an election 

 after a petition by 25% of the electors. Missoula adopted the commission plan May 26; 

 in effect July 27, 1911. On May 14, 1912 Poison adopted it; in effect July 2Oth. 



Finance. For 1911 and 1912 there was a levy of 2]/t mills for general state purposes and 

 of % mill for state sinking fund. A licence tax of Slot* was levied on every sleeping car 

 operated within the state. Unincorporated banks must be examined by the state examiner. 



