NEBRASKA 851 



and the commissioner of insurance may examine into the affairs of any insurance concern and 

 if necessary publish the result of his examination. On December I, 1911 the balance in the 

 treasury was 923,081 and on November 30, 1912, 1,401,641 The receipts for the fiscal year 

 were $4,046,691 and the expenditures $3,568,131. The bonded debt was 8200,000, and $75,000 

 was redeemed before January I, 1913; there were outstanding warrants for 507,897 at the 

 close of the fiscal year. Capitol building bonds for $1,000,000 are a lien on state lands. 



Education. In 1911 manual and industrial training was made a part of the public school 

 curriculum and school districts with a population greater than 5,000 must (others may) 

 establish one manual training school. A commission was appointed in 1911 to codify the 

 school laws of the state. A law school was established _(and opened in 1911) at the University 

 of Montana and $5,000 was appropriated for a biological station at the university; this was 

 opened in the summer of 1912. The percentage of illiteracy in 1910 of the population 10 

 years and over was 4.7 (6.rin 1900). For the year ending August 31, 1912 the school popu- 

 lation was 98,687, enrollment 68,335, average daily attendance, 49,330, length of the school 

 year, 7 months, revenue for school purposes, $4,966,756, and expenditures, $3,519.933. 



In 1912, Edwin Boone Craighead (b. 1861), president of Tulane University of Louisiana 

 since 1904, was chosen president of the University of Montana. 



Penal and Charitable Institutions. By a law of 1911 district courts have jurisdiction as 

 juvenile courts; county committees on ]uvenile improvement:, appointed by the court, confer 

 on juvenile cases. A state tuberculosis sanitarium ^-especially for miners' consumption 

 was established, and also an institution at the state insane asylum at Warm Springs to cure 

 persons "suffering from mental affliction caused by the use of drugs or intoxicants." 



History. There was a long legislative deadlock over the election of a United States 

 senator to succeed Thomas Henry Carter, 1 Republican. The legislature was Demo- 

 cratic on joint ballot (by 6 votes), but Carter's political influence was so strong that he 

 came near re-election. The deadlock was broken March 2. by the choice on the 79th 

 ballot of Henry L. Meyers (b. 1862), Democrat and district judge. In November 1912 

 the state was carried by Woodrow Wilson, who received 28,230 votes to 18,404 for Taft 

 (who had carried the Republican primaries in May), 22,448 for Roosevelt (who was 

 supposed to be bitterly opposed by the Amalgamated Copper Company, a great influence 

 in the state) and 10,828 for Debs (5,855 in 1908). The two congressmen elected are 

 Democrats and the legislature, with a Democratic majority of 25, on January 14, 1913, 

 elected Thomas James Walsh, Democrat, of Helena, United States senator to succeed 

 Joseph Moore Dixon (b. 1867), who was the manager of the Progressive party's campaign 

 for the election of Roosevelt, and who received less votes in the November election 

 than Judge H. C. Smith the Republican candidate. The whole Democratic state 

 ticket was elected with Samuel V. Stewart as governor, receiving 25,375 votes to 22,809 

 for Harry L. Wilson (Rep.) and 18,858 for Frank J. Edwards (Prog.) 



In Butte a socialist was elected mayor (1,834 plurality) and 5 (out of 16) councilmen 

 of the same party were elected, April 3, 1911; and the Socialist mayor of Butte, Lewis 

 J. Duncan, running for governor, received more votes than Debs. On the eve of election 

 in November 1912 there was a riotous attack on the governor and on the Democratic 

 candidate for governor after a Socialist demonstration. 



The Federal Supreme Court (Quong Wing v. Kirkendall; January 22, 1912) decided 

 that on the grounds on which the test was brought there .was no unconstitutionality in 

 a law taxing hand laundries employing less than two women; the ground that the law 

 was aimed at the Chinese was not urged. 



The confessed murderer of -a woman was lynched at Forsyth, April 18, 1912. 



Bibliography. Laws, Resolutions and Memorials (Helena, 1911); other official documents, 

 notably Montana (ibid., 1912) issued by the Bureau of Agriculture, etc. 



NEBRASKA 2 



Population (1910) 1,192,214; an increase of ii.8% since 1900. The foreign-born 

 whites constituted 14.8% (16.6% in .1.900), and the native whites 84.3% (82.5% in 

 1900). Density 15.5 to the sq. m. .The purely rural territory contained 53.5% (58.6% 



1 Carter was born in Scioto county, Ohio, October 30, 1854; died September 17, 1911. 

 He was delegate from Montana Territory and then representative in the 5ist Congress, 

 1889-91, Commissioner of the (Federal) general land office, 1891-92, and United States sen- 

 ator 1895-1901 and 1905-11. 



2 See E. B. xix, 323 el seq. 



