NEW JERSEY 8 59 



the state used in their business "which would not be exempt from taxation if owned by a 

 natural person." The state tax for 1911 was $700,000; for 1912, $800,000 and for 1913, 

 $600,000. A new law was passed for taxing savings banks; and money loaned at 5% or 

 less and secured by a mortgage on real estate in the state, or by note, is exempt from tax. 

 Trust and banking companies must have a cash reserve equal to 15% of their deposits and 

 must put aside a guarantee fund of 10% of net annual earnings until this amounts to 25% 

 of the capital stock. Stockholders in such companies are personally liable. The balance in 

 the treasury on September I, 1911 was $283,987; receipts for the year, $2,797,894, and 

 expenditures, $2,514,054, leaving a balance August 31, 1912 of 567,827. The net state 

 debt was $1,387,038. 



Education. The appropriation for weak school districts was increased from $80,000 to 

 $115,000. For the school year ending September 30, 1912 the school population was 75,337; 

 the enrollment, 63,186; the average daily attendance, 49,524; and the length of the average 

 school year, 33.8 weeks. The revenue was $2,047,033 and the expenditures $1,883,059. 

 In 1910 the percentage of illiteracy (10 years and over) was 4.6 (6.2 in 1900). 



There are good industrial courses in rural high schools, notably Colebrook Academy: see 

 H. A. Brown, The Readjustment of a Rural High School to the Needs of the Community (Wash- 

 ington, 1912; U.S. Bureau of Education, Bulletin 492). 



Edward Thompson Fairchild (b. 1854), state superintendent of schools of Kansas in 

 1907-12, was elected president of the state college of agriculture and mechanic arts in 1912. 



' Penal and Charitable Institutions. In 1911 a committee was appointed to investigate the 

 operation in other states of the system of centralised supervision of penal and charitable 

 institutions. Among the appropriations was one of $20,000 for the treatment of tuberculosis. 



History. In 191 1-12 the state government was Republican of the "progressive" type 

 and both party platforms in 1910 had contained promises of definite reform, legislation 

 which were so slow in fulfillment that in March 1911 the legislature was upbraided 

 for its failure to pass these measures by Governor Robert Perkins Bass (b. 1873; promi- 

 nent in improving forestry and farming). Bass was not renominated. The Progres- 

 sives nominated Winston Churchill (b. 1871), a member of the state legislature in 1903 

 and 1905, but better known as the author of Richard Carvel and other popular novels. 

 The Democratic nominee was Samuel D.. Felker, representative from Rochester; and 

 the Republican, Franklin Worcester, former state senator. There was no choice of 

 governor by the people as no candidate received the necessary majority of all votes 1 

 cast, and the legislature (senate, 15 Republicans and 9 Democrats; house, 208 Republi- 

 cans and 197 Democrats) early in 1913 chose Felker. On March 13, 1913, Henry French 

 Hollis (b. 1869, Democrat) was chosen to succeed H. E. Burnham (b. 1844, Republican), 

 United States senator. The four electoral votes of the state went to Woodrow Wilson, 

 who received 34,724 votes to 32,927 for Taft (for whom most of the Republican dele- 

 gates to the national convention had been instructed), 17,794 for Roosevelt (who was sup- 

 ported by Governor Bass and by Winston Churchill), and 1,981 for Debs (who received 

 1,299 votes in 1908). Two Democratic representatives were elected to Congress to 

 succeed two Republicans, Cyrus Adams Sulloway (b. 1839), who had served in Congress 

 for 18 years and Frank Dunklee Currier (b. 1853) who had been in Congress since 1901. 

 In 1912, 202 towns voted no licence,, 21 voted for licence and in i town there was a tie. 



Bibliography. Session Laws (Concord, 1911) and other official reports; Allen H. Bent, 

 A Bibliography of the White Mountains (Boston, 1911); J. O. Lyford, History of the Town of 

 Canterbury N. H., 1727-1912 (2 vols., Concord, 1912); Winthrop Packard, White Moun- 

 tain Trails (1912). 



NEW JERSEY 2 



Population (1910), 2,537,167, an increase of 34.7% over 1900. The greatest in- 

 crease absolutely for any county was 153,833, in Essex; and, relatively, 75.9% in Bergen. 

 The proportion of whites of foreign birth increased from 22.8% in 1900 to 25.9%; that 

 of native whites of native parentage decreased from 43.9% to 39.8%. In density New 

 Jersey, with 337.7 to the sq. m. ranks below Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The 

 rural territory contained 18.9% qf the entire population (23.8% in IQOO); the urban 

 comprised 88 places (67 in 1900) which had more than 2,500 each, making 75.2% of the 



1 The popular vote was: Felker (Dem.), 34,203; Worcester (Rep.), 32,504; Churchill 

 (Progr.) 14,401; Wilkins (Socialist), 1,674; and Morrill (Prohibitionist), 496. 



2 See E. B. xix, 501 et seq. ; v 



