86 4 NEW JERSEY 



senate in 1910. The primary vote for United States senator was for James Edgar 

 Martine (b. 1850), but this did not pledge members of the legislature to choose him, and 

 he was opposed by James Smith, Jr. (b. 1851), the " boss " of the state organisation, 

 United States senator in 1893-99 and a candidate for re-election. He argued that only 

 a minority of the Democrats of the state voted for Martine and that under the constitu- 

 tion the choice of senators was the function of the legislature and not of the people. 

 Governor Wilson defended the primary vote and roused public opinion so that on the 

 first joint ballot in the legislature Martine received only one vote less than was needed 

 to elect him, whereupon Smith (who had received 10 votes) withdrew, assuring the elec- 

 tion (Jan. 25, 1912) of Martine, to succeed John Kean (b. 1852), Republican, senator 

 1899-1911. This contest made it evident that the governor considered himself the lead- 

 er of the Democratic party in the state. In 1912, after Wilson was nominated for the 

 presidency, James Smith again became a candidate for the U. S. Senate, to succeed 

 Frank Obadiah Briggs (b. 1851), Republican, whose term ends March 4, 1913. Gov- 

 ernor Wilson used all his influence against Smith, and in the primary (Sept. 24, 1912) 

 William Hughes (b. 1872; representative in Congress, 1903-05 and 1907-13) was named 

 by the Democrats and Briggs by the Republicans. In the (legislative) state elections 

 in November 1911, although 160,184 Democratic votes were cast and only 157,184 

 Republican votes, in Essex county 1 the Republicans were successful possibly, as Gov- 

 ernor Wilson's friends thought, because of the opposition to him of Smith and J. R. 

 Nugent (city counsel of Newark), Democratic leaders in the county; both houses of the 

 legislature were Republican (senate n to 10; assembly 37 to 23); but the legislature in 

 1913 will have 12 Democrats and 9 Republicans in the senate and 50 Democrats and 10 

 Republicans in the assembly. Woodrow Wilson's term as governor did not expire 

 until January 19, 1914; his successor for the unexpired term from March 1913 is, 

 under the constitution, the president of the newly-elected senate, chosen at the organisa- 

 tion of the senate in January 1913. James F. Fielder was chosen president of the 

 senate January 13, 1913. 



In the presidential campaign New Jersey was prominent because of the part taken 

 by her governor, Woodrow Wilson, in his successful effort for the Democratic nomina- 

 tion for the presidency, and his election, and because, as in Massachusetts, before the 

 primaries both Roosevelt and Taft made a speech-making tour of the state. In the 

 primaries (May 28th) Roosevelt received 17,000 votes more than Taft; and Wilson re- 

 ceived 48,336 votes to 522 for Clark, 60 for Harmon and 47 for Bryan. In the Novem- 

 ber election Wilson carried the state with 178,289 votes to 145,410 for Roosevelt, 88,835 

 for Taft and 15,801 for Debs (10,253 in 1908). Of 12 congressmen (under the new 

 apportionment) u are Democrats and i, from the ist district, Republican. The repre- 

 sentation in the 62nd Congress was 7 Democrats and 3 Republicans. Throughout the 

 state there were many voters disfranchised by the Geran election law, which the state 

 supreme court (Nov. 4, 1912) interpreted to require registration as well as enrollment. 



In Newark, after being bitterly attacked on the charge that he permitted disorderly 

 houses to remain open, Mayor Haussling (Dem.) was re-elected in 1912 by 25,831 to 

 19,343 for Aronson (Rep.) and 2,142 for Reilly (Socialist). In 1911 and 1912 corrup- 

 tion among city officials was discovered in Atlantic City by detective W. J. Burns. 



In 1912 there were strikes among the textile workers in Paterson and Passaic. There 

 was no violence in Paterson, where the broad-silk workers struck (March) under the 

 leadership of the Detroit branch of the Industrial Workers of the World. In Passaic a 

 strike lasted from the middle of April to May gth, when most of the strikers returned to 

 work. They were led by Haywood and others of the Chicago (" direct " action) branch 

 of the International Workers of the World. In Perth Amboy there were violent strikes 

 during June among employees of the American Smelting and Refining Co., the Barber 

 Asphalt Co., etc., and three were killed on the I4.th, and one on the 25th. In December 

 striking coal-handlers of the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railway at Edgewater 



1 The county was carried by the Democrats in 1912 in all state and local contests, but 

 Roosevelt received 33,714 votes to 26,229 for Wilson and 16,981 for Taft. 



