Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $4.2,392,180. The output of pig iron was 1,537,- 

 201 tons, valued at $23,924,194 (not included in the total just given), much less than in 1910. 

 The state ranked 4th in iron ore, 1,057,984 tons (value, $2,959,009). In stone its rank was 

 2nd, with a quarried output of $6,895,466 (limestone, $2,857,797; sandstone, $2,353,995; 

 trap rock, $959,966). The value of clay products was $10,184,376 ($8,006,012 being brick 

 and tile, ranking 4th); of Portland cement, $2,669,194 (besides natural cement, of which the 

 state is the largest producer); of sand and gravel, $2,414,452; and of lime, $524,845. The 

 state was the largest producer of gypsum, with 472,834 tons, more than one-fifth the country's 

 total. The output of salt was larger than that of any other state, but less in value than that 

 of Michigan. In the group of fuels, the output of petroleum was 952,515 bbls. ($1,248,950) 

 and the value of natural gas, $1,418,767. Mineral waters bottled at 51 springs were valued 

 at $939,003. In pyrite and in millstones the state ranked 2nd. It is still an important 

 producer of garnets, emory and graphite, both natural and, at Niagara Falls, artificial. 



Manufactures. In 1904-1909 the number of establishments increased from 37,194 to 

 44,935 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 996,725 (856,947 wage-earners) 

 to 1,203,241 (1,003,981 wage-earners); capital invested from $2,031,460,000 to $2,779,497,- 

 ooo (36.8%); and the value of products from $2,488,346,000 to $3,369,490,000 (35.4%), 

 ranking the state first in the Union. By far the most important industry in 1909 was the 

 manufacture of clothing, its value being nearly one-sixth the total for all industries of the 

 state, viz.: women's clothing, $272,518,000 ($256,558,000 being the value of the product in 

 Manhattan and Bronx boroughs of New York City and $266,477,000 for the entire city); 

 and men's clothing, including shirts, $266,075,000, of which $218,411,000 was the value of 

 the product of New York City. The state produced 56.5 % of the clothing (in these two 

 classes) manufactured in the country. Second in importance was printing and publishing, 

 $216,946,000, of which $183,509,000 was in New York City. The output was 29.4% of 

 that of the entire country, and the state and the city ranked 1st. Other important manu- 

 factures were: foundry and machine-shop products, $154,370,000, New York ranking 2nd; 

 slaughtering and meat-packing, $127,130,000, the state ranking 3rd; malt liquors, $77,720,- 

 poo, making the state 1st; tobacco, mostly cigars and cigarettes, $76,662,000, the state rank- 

 ing 1st; lumber and timber products, $72,530,000 in this industry the state was 2nd; flour 

 and grist-mill products, $69,802,000, ranking New York next to Minnesota; hosiery and 

 knit goods, $67,130,000, New York ranking 1st; millinery and lace goods, $52,106,000, being 

 60.7% of the total for the country; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, $49,290,- 

 ooo (New York ranking 1st); paper and wood-pulp, $48,860,000 (18.3% of the output of 

 the entire country and more than that of any other state); boots and shoes, $48, 186,000, 

 the state ranking below Massachusetts and Missouri; butter, cheese and condensed milk, 

 $42,458,000 (15.5% of the country's total, but less than that of Wisconsin); men's t fur- 

 nishing goods, $42,197,000 ($15,897,000 collars and cuffs, being 92.3% of the total in the 

 United States) ; furniture and refrigerators, $41,929,000, ranking the state first with '17.5% 

 of the country's product; fur goods, $41,301,000, being 73.8% of the product value for the 

 whole country; iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills, $39,532,000, blast furnaces, 

 $26,621,000 in these two industries the state ranked 4th; copper, tin, and sheet-iron, 

 $38,452,000, ranking the state 1st; patent medicines, compounds and druggists' preparations, 

 $37,343,000, the state being 1st in this industry, also, as in chemicals, $35,346,00030% of 

 the country's total; musical instruments, $33,680,000, being three-eighths of the country's 

 product value and much more than the output of any other state; automobiles, $30,980,000 

 (627.2% more than in 1904), ranking New York 3rd; paint and varnish, $28,559,000 

 (more than the product of any other state); tanned, curried and finished leather, $27,642,- 

 ooo, New York being 5th; silk and silk goods, $26,519,000, ranking the state 3rd; carpets 

 and rugs (not rag), $25,606,000, ranking the state 1st; and confectionery, $25,540,000. In 

 fourteen other industries New York ranked 1st among the states. 



The principal manufacturing cities were: New York, $2,029,692,600 (Manhattan, 

 $1,388,408,000; Brooklyn, $417,222,800; Queens, $151,680,000; Bronx, $42,680,800; Rich- 

 mond, $29,701,000), more than any state except Pennsylvania (21 industries producing more 

 than $20,000,000 each); Buffalo, $218,804,000 gth in the United States (slaughtering, 

 $25,416,000; foundry and machine-shop products, $20,775,000; flour, etc., $19,942,000; 

 automobiles, $9,598,000; soap, $8,653,000; linseed-oil); Rochester, $112,676,000 2Oth in 

 the United States (men's clothing, $18,879,000; photographic apparatus; boots and shoes, 

 $13,450,000); Yonkers, $59,334,000 (sugar refining; carpets and rugs; foundry and machine- 

 shop products, $2,837,000); Syracuse, $49,435,000 (automobiles; foundry and machine-shop 

 products, $5,691,000; typewriters); Schenectady, $38,165,000 (electrical apparatus; steam 

 locomotives); Troy, $37,980,000 (collars and cuffs, $13,639,000; men's clothing, $6,976,000); 

 Utica, $31,199,000 (textiles, $15,977,000); Niagara Falls, $28,652,000 (chemicals, $11,997,- 

 ooo mostly manufactured by electrolysis; food preparations; flour); Albany, $22,826,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 11,639.72 m. The public service 

 commission was authorized in 1911 to determine the maximum and reduce rates in railway 

 fares and in 1912 to have the control of the reorganisation of corporations under its jurisdic- 

 tion. In 1911 separate appropriations amounting to $12,945,000 were passed for the im- 

 provement, completion or expedition of different state highways. In both years many 



