NORTH CAROLINA 8 77 



NORTH CAROLINA 



Population (1910), 2,206,287 (16.5% more than in 1900). The proportion of ne- 

 groes decreased from 33 % in 1900 to 31.6%. The native whites made up 66.5% of the 

 total in 1900 and 67.7% in 1910 (foreign-born whites in 1910, 0.3%). Density 45.3 to 

 the sq. m. Of the total 75.8 % (in 1900, 82.3 %) lived in rural (unincorporated) territory. 

 There were 20 cities and towns which had more than 5,000 each, as follows: Charlotte, 

 34,014; Wilmington, 25,748; Raleigh, 19,218; Asheville, 18,762; Durham, 18,241 (6,679 

 in 1900); Winston, 17,167; Greensboro, 15,895; Newbern, 9,961; High Point, 9,525 

 (4,163 in 1900); Concord, 8,715; Elizabeth City (town), 8,412; Rocky Mount (town), 

 8,051 (2,937 in 1900); Salisbury, 7,153; Fayetteville (town), 7,045; Kinston, 6,995; 

 Wilson (town), 6,717; Washington, 6,211; Goldsboro, 6,107; Gastonia (town), 5,759; 

 and Salem (town), 5,533. 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 22,749,356 to 22,439,129 in 1900 1910 

 but the improved land in farms increased from 8,327,106 to 8,813,056; the average farm 

 acreage fell from 101.3 to 88.4 and the value of farm property increased from $233,834,693 to 

 537,716,210 ($343, 164,945 land; 113,459,662 buildings; $18,441,619 implements; $62,649,- 

 984 domestic animals). Of the land area 71.9% was in farms. The average value of farm 

 land per acre was $15.29. Farms were operated largely by owners (145,320 by owners, 1, 1 18 

 by managers and 107,287 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal crops 

 were: Indian corn, 51,106,000 bu. (2,808,000 A.); wheat, 5,322,000 bu. (598,000 A.); oats, 

 3,794,000 bu. (204,000 A.); rye, 409,000 bu. (44,000 A.); buckwheat, 175,000 bu. (10,000 A.); 

 potatoes, 2,550,000 bu. (30,000 A.); hay, 38 1,000 tons (293,000 A.); cotton, 878,000 bales (271 

 Ihs. per A.); tobacco, 1 10,980,000 Ibs. (179,000 A.) and rice, 10,000 bu. (400 A. ). In 1909 (U.S. 

 Census) the value of vegetables other than potatoes was $6,496,308; of small fruits, $853,076 

 (strawberries, $712,126); of orchard fruits, $3,248,036 (apples, $2,014,670; peaches and 

 nectarines, $1,041,767). On January I, 1912 there were on farms 173,000 horses, 182,000 

 mules, 312,000 milch cows, 380,000 other neat cattle, 193,000 sheep and 1,405,000 swine. 



In 1912 the National Forest Reservation Commission recommended the purchase of the 

 "Mt. Mitchell" area (18,701 acres; McDowell county) and the Nantahala area (27,815 

 acres; Macon and Swain counties) under the Weeks Act of March I, 1911, for national forests. 

 The state experiment station in 1912 seemed to have succeeded in removing toxic properties 

 from cottonseed meals. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 191 1, $2,797,155. Clay products were valued at $1,280,- 

 126 and stone at $826,928. In mica the state ranked 1st with an output valued at $217,299. 

 Gold mostly from siliceous ores was valued at $71,900. Of mineral waters the value in 1911 

 was $31,108, being 45% more than in 1910. Valuable emeralds were found near Shelby in 

 191 1 and amethysts near Raleigh and in Warren county. Graphite was found near Franklin. 

 Monazite, zircon, barytes, millstones and garnets are minor products. 



Manufactures. The state is one of the most important in the South in manufactures. 

 In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 3,272 to 4, 931, and that of persons 

 engaged in manufacturing from 93,142 to 133,453 (wage-earners from 85,339 to 121,473); 

 the capital invested from $141,001,000 (only $68,283,000 in 1899) to $217,186,000; and the 

 value of products from $142,521,000 ($85,274,000 in 1899) to $216,656,000. In 1909 more 

 than three-fourths of the total was from the following: cotton goods, $72,680,000 ranking 

 the state 2nd (in 1889, 10th) ; tobacco, $35,987,000; lumber and timber products, $33,525,000, 

 ranking the state 2nd, and furniture $7, 885,000 (more than thrice as much as in 1899); cotton- 

 seed oil and cake, $8,504,000 (over twice what it was in 1904); and flour and grist-mill prod- 

 ucts, $8,501,000. Other important products were: fertilisers, $6,316,000 (four times as 

 much as in 1899), a large part being complete fertilisers and the industry being dependent 

 largely on the manufacture of cottonseed oil; tanned, curried and finished leather, $5,415,000; 

 hosiery and knit goods, $5,152,000; and carriages and wagons, $3,283,000. In 1909 not quite 

 two-sevenths of the total product-value came from cities; in 1899 about one-sixth. The prin- 

 cipal manufacturing cities in 1909 were: Durham, $23,271,500; Winston, $16,778,000; Char- 

 lotte, $10,460,000; Asheville, $3,250,000; Wilmington, $3,005,000; Raleigh, $2,376,000, and 

 Greensboro, $2,032,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 5,000.98. The legislature in 1911 

 incorporated the trustees of the Central Highway, 480 m. long from Beaufort Harbor to the 

 Tennessee state line. County commissioners may appropriate annually not more than $50 

 a mile for the highway and municipalities may appropriate $100 and $25 for every 1,000 

 inhabitants above the first one thousand in the municipality. In 1912 work on this highway 

 in 18 (out of 19) counties was in progress and it was estimated that it would be completed 



1 See E. B. xix, 771 et seq. 



