ments of the States of the United States: Ohio (Washington, D.C., 1912); D. J. Ryan, The 

 Civil War Literature of Ohio; a Bibliography (Cleveland, 1911); Isaac Franklin Patterson, 

 The Constitutions of Ohio (Cleveland, 1912); E. L. Bpgart, The Financial History of Ohio (iqil) , 

 in Univ. of 111. Studies in Social Sciences; George H. Porter, Ohio Politics during the Civtt 

 War Period (New York, 1911), in Columbia University Studies. 



OKLAHOMA 1 



Population (1910) 1,657,155 (109.7% more than in 1900); 8.3% (in 1900 7.0%) 

 were negroes; 84.8% (in 1900 82.2%) were native whites, and 2.4% (in 1900 2.6%) were 

 foreign-born whites. Density 23.9 to the sq. m. The urban population (in 46 cities, 

 each having more than 2,500 inhabitants) was 19.3% of the total (in 1900, in 13 such 

 cities, 7.4%); and the rural decreased from 82.1% in 1900 to 66.8% in 1910. In 

 1910 the 14 cities having 5,000 or more inhabitants were: Oklahoma City, 64,205 

 (32,452 in 1907); Muskogee, 25,278 (14,418 in 1907); Tulsa, 18,182 (7,298 in 1907); 

 Enid, 13,799; McAlester, 12,954; Shawnee, 12,474; Guthrie, 11,654; Chickasha, 

 10,320; Ardmore, 8,618; Sapulpa, 8,283 (4> 2 59 i n I 97)> El Reno, 7,872; Lawton, 7,788; 

 Bartlesville, 6,181; and Durant, 5,330. 



Agriculture.- The acreage in farms increased from 22,988,339 to 28,859,353 between 

 1900 and 1910 and the improved land in farms from 8,574,187 to 17,551.337; and the average 

 farm acreage fell from 212.9 to 151.7; but the value of farm property increased from $277,- 

 525,433 to $918,198,882 ($649,066,668 land; $89,610,556 buildings; $27,088,866 implements; 

 $152,432,792 domestic animals). Of the land area 65% was in farms. The average value 

 of farm land per acre was $22.49. Farms were operated largely by tenants (104,137 by 

 tenants, 85,404 by owners and 651 by managers). In 1909 (U. S. Census) 137 farms (4388 

 acres; 2,769 in Harper county) were irrigated by enterprises capable of irrigating 6397 acres. 

 The acreage included in projects was 8,258. Streams are almost the only source utilised 

 (97% in 1909). Alfalfa (1,383 A.) and wheat (969 A.) are the largest irrigated crops. Jn 

 1909 (U. S. Census) the value of broom corn was $2,559,235 (216,350 A.), of vegetables (ex- 

 cluding potatoes), $2,610,239; of orchard fruits, $943,464 (apples $573,076). In 1912 (pre- 

 liminary estimates) the principal crops were: Indian corn, 101,878,000 bu. (5,448,006^.); 

 wheat, 20,096,000 bu. (1,570,000 A.); oats, 23,494,000 bu. (936,000 A.); barley, 160,000 bu. 

 (8,000 A.); rye 48,000 bu. (4,000 A.); potatoes, 1,740,000 bu. (29,000 A.); hay, 481,000 

 tons (385,000 A.); cotton, 1,039,000 bales (184 Ibs. per A.); and flaxseed, 9,000 bu. (1,000 

 A.). On January I, 1912 there were on farms 750,000 horses, 272,000 mules, 504,000 milch 

 cows, 1,242,000 other neat cattle, 72,000 sheep and 1,410,000 swine. 



A statute of 191 1 made the larceny of live stock a felony. In 191 1 the legislature exempted 

 from taxation for not more than five years anyone successfully using gravity underflow 

 water for irrigation and domestic purposes; the act permits cities and towns to exempt such 

 persons of corporations from municipal taxation on their property. The Federal Reclama- 

 tion Service is investigating the feasibility of irrigating lands in Beaver and Woodward 

 counties from the Cimarron river or from underground waters of the Cimarron Valley. 



In November 1912 the people voted (164,530 to 63,586) to amend the constitution so as 

 to remove the present board of agriculture and to replace it with a new board. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911 $42,678,446. In value of petroleum, $26,451,767 

 (one-third more than in 1910), the state ranked 2nd, and in natural gas, $6,731,770 (about 

 16 times as much as in 1907), 4th. The output of coal was 3,074,242 tons, valued at $6,291,- 

 494. Asphalt was valued at about $400,000. The output of stone was worth $795,879; 

 of sand and gravel, $97,539; and of clay products, $756,639. The only important metals 

 were: zinc, 2,247 tons, $256,158, and lead, 1,925 tons, $173,250. Mineral waters, bottled at 

 10 springs, were valued at $14,290, nearly thrice as much as in 1910. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 1,123 to 2,310; 

 the number of persons engaged in manufacturing from 7,456 (5,456 wage-earners) to 18,034 

 (13,143 wage-earners); the capital from $16,124,000 to $38,873,000; the value of products 

 from $24,459,000 to $53,682,000. The most important separate manufactures were: flour 

 and grist-milling products, $19,144,000; cottonseed oil and cake, $5,187,000; lumber and 

 timber, $4,439,000 (mostly yellow pine and oak); refining and smelting zinc, $3,002,000; 

 steam railway car construction, $1,702,000; foundry and machine-shop products, $1,371,000; 

 artificial ice, $1,273,000; butter, cheese and condensed milk, $1,150,000; and brick and tile, 

 $1,029,000. The principal manufacturing cities were: Oklahoma City, $7,868,000; Enid, 

 $2,453,000; Muskogee, $2,279,000; and Shawnee, $2,081,500. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 6,179,77. 



Legislation. There was an extraordinary session of the legislature from November 

 28 to December 16, 1910, taken up almost entirely with the question of moving the state 

 1 See E. B. xx, p. 57 et seq. 



