OREGON 891 



attempting rescue were locked in the courthouse; one for robbery and killing officers, 

 at Manford, December 3rd; and one for rape at Valliant, December 5th. A race riot 

 in Coweta, October 22nd, was averted by the presence of militia; the city attorney was 

 shot and killed by a negro, who was lynched. On January i, 1912 a negro was lynched 

 at Muldrow for murder. 



In Guthrie a commission form of government was adopted, June 20, 1911, and the 

 commissioners took charge on a writ of ouster. But the aldermen were restored by the 

 state supreme court's decision, September 13, 1911, that the commission government 

 was not in power. On a rehearing the same court restored the commissioners, March 

 13, 1912. A freeholders' commission charter was adopted by Holdenville on April 25, 

 1911 (183 to 103 votes) and went into effect on July 4, 1911; by Enid, September 22, 

 1909, in effect December 20, 1909; by Oklahoma City on March 9, 1911, in effect May 

 9th; by McAlester on May 26, 1910, in effect October 4, 1910; by Kingfisher, April 5, 

 1910; by Bartlesville, August 2, 1910; by Tulsa, July 3, 1908; in effect January 5, 1909; 

 by Wagoner, October 4, 1910, in effect April 25, 1911; by Ardmore, November 17, 1908, 

 in effect April 1909. In 1912 the commission government was adopted in Ada (April 

 3oth; in effect, July ist) and Okmulgee; in Collinsville it was defeated by 7 votes. The 

 mayor of McAlester was recalled on April 24, 1912. 



Bibliography. Session Laws, 1910-1911 (Guthrie, 1911), and official reports, especially 

 of the commissioner of charities and corrections. C. B. Galbreath on Initiative and Referen- 

 dum in Annals of the American Academy, September 1912. 



OREGON 1 



Population (1910) 672,765 (62.7% more than in 1900). The proportion of Indians 

 and Asiatics decreased in the decade from 4.3% to 2.4%; that of the foreign-born 

 whites increased from 13% to 15.3%, Density 7 to the sq. m. (in Multnomah county 

 501.7). Unincorporated places or rural territory contained 41% of the total (55.6% 

 in 1900). There were n incorporated places in 1900 which had each 2,500 or more 

 (32. 2% of the total); in 1910, 45.6% was in 18 such places, as follows: Portland, 207,214. 

 (90,426 in 1900); Salem 14,094, (4,258 in 1900); Astoria, 9,599; Eugene, 9,009 (3,236 

 in 1900); Medford, 8,840 (1,791 in 1900); Baker City, 6,742; Ashland, 5,020 (2,634 i n 

 1900); The Dalles, 4,880; St. Johns, 4,872 (inc., 1903); La Grande, 4,843; Roseburg, 

 4,738 (1,690 in 1900); Corvallis, 4,552, (1,819 m I 9); Pendleton, 4,460; Oregon City, 

 4,287; Albany, 4,275; Grants Pass, 3,897; Marshfield (town), 2, 980; and Klamath Falls 

 (town), 2,758 (447 in 1900). 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms increased from 10,071,328 to 11,685,110 between 1900 

 and 1910 and the improved land in farms from 3,328,308 to 4,274,803; the average farm acre- 

 age fell from 281.0 to 256.8 and the value of farm property increased from $172,761,287 to 

 528,243,782 ($411,696,102 land; 843,880,207 buildings; $13,205,645 implements; $59,461,828 

 domestic animals). Of the land area 19.1 % was in farms in 1910. The average value of 

 farm land per acre was $35.23. Farms were operated largely by owners (37,796 by owners; 

 847 by managers, and 6,859 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal 

 crops were: Indian corn, 630,000 bu. (20,000 A.); wheat, 21,018,000 bu. (842,000 A.); oats, 

 13,714,000 bu. (359,000 A.); barley, 4,284,000 bu. (119,000 A.); rye, 352,000 bu. (22,000 A.); 

 potatoes, 10,075,000 bu. (65,000 A.) ; and hay, I, 738,000 tons (790,000 A.) In 1909 (U. S. 

 Census) the value of vegetables except potatoes was $2, 448,91 7; of flowers and plants,'$268, 833; 

 of nursery products, $783,020; of small fruits, $641,194 (strawberries, $395,349; 'currants, 

 $150,729); of orchard fruits, $3,339,845 (apples, $1,656,944; plums and prunes, $838,783; 

 cherries, $269,934; pears, $366,977); of grapes, $98,776, On January I, 1912 there were on 

 farms 289,000 horses, 10,000 mules, 180,000 milch cows, 457,000 other neat cattle, 2,592,000 

 sheep, and 258,000 swine. The total acreage irrigated in 1909 was 686,129 (76.7 % more than 

 in 1899); 646,866 were supplied from streams. The total cost of irrigation enterprises to 

 July I, 1910, was $12,760,214, and the estimated final cost of improvements begun was $39,- 

 216,619. Of cereals 5 % by acreage was grown on irrigated land in 1909, and of barley, 16.9 %; 

 of alfalfa, 83.6%; wild, salt, or prairie grasses, 63.3%; and of sugar beets, 74.5%. The 

 (Jmatilla reclamation project 2 (on which the Federal government has a field station) was in 

 November 1912 82% completed and in 1911 irrigated 8,600 acres. The Klamath project 2 

 in November 1912 was 73% completed, and in 1911 irrigated 27,693 acres, partly in Cali- 



1 See E. B. xx, 242 et seq. * See E. B. xx, 244C. 



