892 OREGON 



fornia. In 1911 a new experiment farm for growing grain on dry lands was established at 

 Burns, Harney county. The legislature adopted (1911) a new code for irrigation districts. 



The office of state immigration agent was created in 1911 to work with the Oregon 

 Development League in developing the agricultural resources of the state; and a state board 

 of forestry was established. Besides appropriations for experiment stations, the state appro- 

 priated 15,000 for the investigation of crop and fruit pests and diseases and of horticultural 

 problems by the State Agricultural College, and $20,000 a year (in addition to the $5,000 

 a year appropriated in 1905) for co-operation with the Federal government in making topo- 

 graphic maps and in investigating water resources. A survey fund was created from fees 

 for licence for water power; it is to be used for the study of stream flow, etc. 



Mining. A state bureau of mines was created in 191 1 to be carried on by the department 

 of mines of the state agricultural college. The total value of mineral products in 1911 was 

 $3,198,796. The value of gold was $634,200 (more than twice as much as in 1909), mostly 

 from the Republic district, Ferry county; and that of silver, $24,200. The output of copper, 

 125,943 IDS., was thrice that of 1910; that of lead 1 1 tons. Of platinum 1 17 oz. were reported, 

 partly from placers and partly from beaches. Of coal 46,661 tons were marketed, valued at 

 $108,033. Clay products were valued at $1,081,025; stone at $583,398, and lime at $38,216. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 1,602 to 2,246, 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 22,018 to 34,722 (wage-earners from 

 18,523 to 28,750); the capital invested from $44,024,000 to $89,082,000 (102.3%); and the 

 value of products from $55,525,000 ($36,593,000 in 1899) to $93,005,000. More than one- 

 half of the total product value was reported from the following industries: lumber and tim- 

 ber, $30,200,000 (nearly twice as much as in 1904); flouring and grist milling. $8,891,000; 

 slaughtering and meat-packing, $5,880,000 (more than double the value in 1904); butter, 

 cheese and condensed milk, $4,920,000 (57.6 % butter, 13 % cheese) ; and canning and preserv- 

 ing, $3,207,000. Foundry and machine-shop products, $3,135,000; malt liquors, $1,857,000; 

 leather goods, $1,629,000; and copper, tin and sheet iron, $1,611,000, were some of the other 

 larger products. More than half of the product value was reported from Portland, $46,- 

 861 ooo (63.6% more than in 1904). The product of Salem was valued at $2,208,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912 2,602. The Federal government 

 in 1911 completed dredging in Tillamook Bay (co-operating with the Tillamook Port Com- 

 mission) ana in 1912 was dredging in the Coquille river and had nearly completed dredging 

 operations in Coos Bay inside channels. An act, proposed by initiative, creating a state 

 highway department, was defeated by 83,846 votes to 23,872 in November 1912, when an 

 initiated law for county road systems also was defeated 56,713 to 49,699, but an amendment 

 excluding indebtedness for state roads from the constitutional debt limit of 2 % of the taxable 

 property of the state was carried (59,452 to 43,447), and so was a similar amendment in re- 

 gard to county roads and county debt limits (57,258 to 43,858). A measure fixing the per- 

 centage that freight rates on small shipments bear to carload lots and establishing minimum 

 weights and maximum freights was adopted in November 1912. 



Legislation. The legislature was in session from January 9 to February 18, 1911. 

 On January 30 it ratified the income tax amendment to the Federal Constitution. 



Thirty-seven laws and constitutional amendments (including several amendments 

 in regard to taxation; see finance) were referred to the people in November 1912. An 

 amendment creating the office of lieutenant governor was defeated (61,644 to 50,562 

 votes). Another amendment would have radically changed the requirement for amend- 

 ing the constitution by substituting the words l< majority of total number of electors 

 voting or casting ballots at said election " for a majority of the votes on the amendment. 

 This was favoured by a "Majority Rule League" but was bitterly opposed by the Peo- 

 ple's Power League and was defeated by 70,325 votes for 32,934. A similar proposed 

 change in regard to initiative measures was defeated by 68,861 to 35,721 votes. An 

 amendment, approved by the People's Power League, but defeated by 71,183 to 31,020 

 votes, would have abolished the state senate, -given to the governor and all defeated 

 party candidates for governor membership of the one-chamber legislature, and em- 

 powered the governor alone to introduce appropriation bills. An amendment for 

 woman suffrage (defeated 1900, 1906, 1908 and 1910) was proposed by initiative 

 petition and was adopted by 61,265 to 57,104. 



The legislature urged Congress to give Alaska an organised Territorial government; to 

 submit to the states an amendment to the Federal Constitution providing for direct election 

 of United States senators; to set aside 30,000 acres in the Klamath Indian Reservation and 

 the Crater National Forest for army manoeuvres; to give to Oregon one-half of the proceeds 

 from national forests within the state, in order to make up the loss in taxes to the counties; 

 and to secure the completion of the Klamath and Umatilla projects. 



On February 19, 1912 the U.S. Supreme Court (in Kiernan v. Portland, and Pacific 



