PENNSYLVANIA 8 97 



liquors, $47,713,000, the state being 2nd; flour and grist-milling, $44,783,000; men 's clothing, 

 $39,682,000, and women's clothing, $32, 837,000; cotton goods, $33,91 7,000; glass, $32,818,000, 

 the state being 1st; electrical machinery, $31,351,000; railway cars not made by railway com- 

 panies, $27,510,000, the state being 1st; tin and terne plate manufacture, $25,234,000, in which 

 the state ranked 1st; carpet and rug-making, excluding rag carpet, $24,879,000; and boot and 

 shoe manufacturing, $20,219,000. 



Philadelphia ranked 3rd among the manufacturing cities of the country with a product 

 value of $746,076,000, including 12 % of the state's output in hosiery and knit goods, 31.8% 

 of the carpets and rugs, 12.6 % of the woollens and worsteds, and more than 90 % of the wo- 

 men's clothing. Pittsburg ($243,454,000) was 7th, and there were many large establish- 

 ments just outside the city limits; the blast furnaces, rolling mills and foundries furnished 

 more than half of the city's total. Other important manufacturing centres were: Reading, 

 $51,135,000; Johnstown, $48,106,000; McKeesport, $42,494,000 principally pipes and tubes, 

 of which the city is the largest producer in the country; New Castle, $38,037,500; South 

 Bethlehem, $26,417,000; Scranton, $26,385,000, principally silk; Allentown, $26,263,000; 

 Erie, $24,226,000; and Harrisburg, $22,725,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912, 11,639.72. In 1911 the legislature 

 passed a uniform bill of lading act, established a state highway department, and planned the 

 development of nearly 300 routes for state highways. The Federal government in 1911 com- 

 pleted the work of increasing the depth of the Delaware below Philadelphia and began work 

 on a channel (12 ft. deep; 200 ft. wide) in the Delaware between Philadelphia and Trenton; 

 completed two locks on the Monongahela river and began three dams on the Ohio in the state. 

 The Erie harbour was practically completed in 1912. In Philadelphia the first of a series of 

 municipal piers for trans-Atlantic steamships was completed in 1911. 



Legislation. The legislature met in regular session from January 3 to May 25, 1911. It 

 submitted to the people constitutional amendments (ratified in Nov. 1911) exempting from 

 the debt limit all debts of the City and County of Philadelphia for subways, docks, wharfs, 

 etc.; changing the district courts and common pleas courts of Philadelphia to five common 

 pleas courts each with three judges and replacing the number of common pleas courts in 

 Allegheny county by one common pleas court. Several other amendments went over to 

 the 1913 legislature; one making it possible for the state to issue bonds for $50,000,000 for 

 improving and rebuilding highways; another adding to the list of local or special laws which 

 the legislature shall not pass; another on the election of judges; another for the gradation of 

 property for assessment and taxation, and a new article providing that municipal obligations 

 for waterworks, subways, etc. (except in the case of the City of Philadelphia) should not be 

 considered in reckoning the constitutional debt limit. 



Instead of two annual election primaries there is to be one each year, an autumn primary 

 in September of odd numbered years and a spring primary in April of even numbered years. 

 Unnaturalised foreign-born residents are subject to taxes laid in the state, except poll taxes 

 for voters. The term of the director of the legislative reference bureau was changed from 

 "during good behaviour" to four years, and he was made an ex-officio advisor to the legisla- 

 ture. A court of common pleas is required (formerly was permitted) to have jurisdiction in 

 divorce cases, and a new code regulates divorce procedure; a new marital code was passed in 

 191 1. The salaries of state judges were increased e.g. that of the chief justice of the supreme 

 court to $13,500; that of associate justice to $13,000, etc. 



The I2th of October ("Columbus Day") was made a public holiday. 



The term of mayor in all cities was made 4 years; that of select councilmen 4 years and 

 that of common councilmen 2 years; in the second class cities the legislative branch was 

 made one council (instead of a select council and a common council) of 5 members with one 

 additional member for each 75,000 of population; in the case of cities between 200,000 and 

 500,000 the governor appointed the first council to act until January 1912. Governor 

 Tener's appointees in Pittsburg were re-elected in November. 



A city plan commission in Philadelphia was organised in 1911. Departments of supplies 

 and of city planning and an art commission were added to the ten executive departments in 

 second class cities; and a department of recreation in first class cities. In cities of the first 

 class all plumbers must be licensed and registered and the act specifies the necessary fittings 

 for all buildings. Cities of the second class are allowed to regulate the smoke nuisance. 



A commission on the proper and safe construction of buildings was appointed to report 

 to the legislature of 1913, and a committee was also appointed to report on vaccination. 

 Fire drills are required in public schools and in factories and industrial establishments which 

 employ women. The office of state fire marshal was created, and that of fire marshal in 

 first class cities. The use of fire crackers and of blank cartridges was regulated by two acts, 

 one dealing with their size and another with their contents. There are to be county and city 

 inspectors of weights and measures. A bureau of standards was created as a part of the state 

 department of internal affairs. All baby farms must be licensed, and all midwives must be 

 licensed and registered. Pandering and engaging in the white slave trade were made punish- 

 able by imprisonment at hard labour for a minimum term of ten years. Laws forbid the 

 adulteration of sausage, of milk, and of drugs, and the state pharmaceutical examining board 

 was required to build a drug testing laboratory. 



