900 PENNSYLVANIA 



whose vote in 1908 was 33,913. The state representation in Congress was increased 

 under the new apportionment from 32 to 36 by the addition of 4 representatives-at- 

 large. All the representatives-at-large and 16 elected by districts were Washington 

 party men, 4 were chosen as Republicans (not on Washington ticket) and 12 as Demo- 

 crats. 2 There will be no change in the United States Senate, where Penrose's term 

 expires in 1915, and George Tener Oliver (b. 1848), elected in 1909 to fill out the un- 

 expired term of Philander Chase Knox (who became Secretary of State in President 

 Taft's cabinet), was elected for 1911-17 on January i, 1911. The Washington party 

 elected a state treasurer and auditor general, and will be strong in the next legislature, 

 where many Republicans were elected by fusion. The Republican membership is 

 34 in senate and 127 in house; Democrats, 15 in senate and 56 in house; Washington, 

 without fusion, i in senate and 15 in house; and 9 Keystone candidates in the house. 

 Probably only one senator and only six members of the house are affiliated with Penrose 

 and the "stand pat" wing of the Republican party. On December 12, 1912, the 

 House of Representatives of the United States by 153 to 119 declared vacant the seat 

 of Charles C. Bowman of the nth Pennsylvania district, charged with bribery. 



The Harrisburg Capitol building fraud cases (see E.B. xiii, 2id) culminated in 1912 

 in civil suits compelling an accounting and a restitution of certain moneys. 



On August 13, 1911 a negro accused of killing a policeman while resisting arrest 

 was taken by a mob from a hospital in Coatesville and was burned to death. The 

 state constabulary was ordered out. There were threats of more disorder on October 

 9 when a negro assaulted a white girl. In the lynching case, although many members 

 of the mob were recognised at the time, it was impossible to secure a conviction or a 

 change of venue. On May 3, 1912 a prisoner who had confessed complicity was de- 

 clared not guilty by a jury. 



A coal strike in the anthracite region lasted from April i to May 18, 1912. The 

 strikers got recognition of the union, an increase of wages of about 5 % (they had asked 

 for 20%), and a four year agreement (they had wanted an agreement lasting for one yeai 

 only). There was much rioting and disorder in Scranton and W T ilkes-Barre. Another 

 coal strike in the Irwin-Greensburg region, Westmoreland county, began in March 

 1910 and ended in a failure on July 5, 1911. 



On September 30, 1911 the dam of the Bayless Paper and Pulp Company at Austin 

 broke and 76 persons were killed. About 200 men working at Austin struck on October 

 6 for an 8 hour day; they were driven out of the state by the state constabulary. In 

 May 1911 about 6,000 shopmen of the Pennsylvania Railroad struck for recognition 

 of the union; they were unsuccessful. A strike of 9,000 miners in Panther Creek Valley 

 for the discharge of two non-union workmen ended late in September 1912 with a victory 

 for the strikers. In June 1912 the employees of the National Tube Company of Pittsburg 

 went on strike for increased pay and greater conveniences in their working places. They 

 got most of their demands. At Homestead and Braddock there was in November 

 1912 a serious strike of steel workers, to whom a wage increase was granted but whose 

 leaders were discharged. On November 29 the mills attempted in ^ain to resume work. 

 On the same day the Industrial Workers of the World tried to call a general strike. 



After the street-car strike of 1912 the Stotesbury management of the Philadelphia 

 Rapid Transit Company introduced an elaborate co-operative plan with definite wage 

 increases, pensions and death benefits. 



Bibliography. Session Laws (Harrisburg, 1911); Smull's Legislative Hand Book, 1912 

 (ibid.); the Report on Industrial Statistics (1911) of the secretary of internal affairs; othei 

 official publications; A. C. Myers, ed., Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey 

 and Delaware,^ 1630-1707 (1912); A. Johnson, The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware (2 

 vols., University of Pennsylvania, 191 1) ; E. R. Turner, The Negro in Pennsylvania, 1630-1861 

 (1911); J. A. Fitch, The Steel Workers (New York, 1911); M. F. Byington, Homestead: Tht 

 Households of a Mill Town (New York, 1911). 



1 On March 23, 1912, died Henry Harrisoi Bingham (b. 1841), representative in Congress 

 since 1879, brigadier-general of volunteers in the Civil War; and on December 27, 1912, 

 John Geiser McIIenry (b. 1868), Democrat, representative from the i6th district since 1907. 



