904 SOUTH CAROLINA 



(in 1900, 12.8% in 20 places), each having more than 2,500 inhabitants; there were 

 13 places with 5,000 or more, as follows: Charleston, 58,833 (in 1900, 55,807); Columbia, 

 26,319; Spartanburg, 17,517; Greenville, 15,741; Anderson, 9,654; Sumter, 8,109; 

 Rock Hill, 7,216; Florence, 7,057; Greenwood, 6,614; Orangeburg, 5,906; Union (town), 

 5,623; Georgetown, 5,530; and Newberry (town), 5,028. 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 13,985,014 to 13,512,028 between 1900 

 and 1910, and the improved land from 5,775,741 to 6,097,999; the average farm acreage fell 

 from 90.0 to 76.6, but the value of farm property increased from $153,591,15910 $392,128,314 

 ($268,774,854 land; $64,113,227 buildings; $14,108,853 implements; $45,131,380 domestic 

 animals). The average value of farm land per acre was $19.89. Of the land area 69.2 % was 

 in farms in 1910. Farms were operated largely by tenants (111,221 by tenants, 64,350 by 

 owners and 863 by managers). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the principal crops were: 

 Indian corn, 34,278,000 bu. (1,915,000 A.); wheat, 727,000 bu. (79,000 A.); oats, 6,966,000 

 bu. (324,000 A.); rye, 28,000 bu. (3,000 A.); potatoes, 900,000 bu. (10,000 A.); hay, 223,000 

 tons, (194,000 A.); cotton, 1,184,000 bales (219 Ibs. per A.); tobacco, 24,500,000 Ibs. (35,000 

 A.); and rice, 200,000 bu. (8,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the value of vegetables other 

 than potatoes was $3,705,991 ; of small fruits, $113,254; of orchard fruits, $956,376; of grapes, 

 $88,620. On January I, 1912 there were on farms: 82,000 horses, 166,000 mules, 185,000 

 milch cows, 215,000 other neat cattle, 34,000 sheep and 797,000 swine. 



The legislature gave scholarships in Clemson Agricultural and Mechanical College to the 

 winners in the corn growing contests in boys' corn clubs in 1911 and scholarships in Winthrop 

 College to girls who had cultivated corn and tomatoes extensively. The establishment of 

 boys' corn clubs and of girls' tomato clubs was largely due to J. E. Swearingen, state superin- 

 tendent of education, who though totally blind has done much for practical education and 

 scientific farming. A crop pest commission was created in 1912 and was empowered to 

 appoint a state entomologist and a state plant pathologist. The legislature also created a 

 state warehouse commission to establish a system of warehouses throughout the state to 

 store cotton and other commodities. The trustees of Clemson Agricultural and Mechanical 

 College were authorised in 1911 to establish two or more experiment stations. In 1912 the 

 name of the state department of agriculture, commerce and irrigation was changed to the 

 department of agriculture, commerce and industries. 



Mineral Products. Total value, 1911, $1,804,1 15. Phosphate rock, all land rock, market- 

 ed was valued at $673,156 (169,156 tons; tons mined 182,289). The value of clay products 

 was $669,794 (all but $6,000 brick and tile). A little gold is still recovered from dry ore; in 

 191 1 the value was $20,100. In that year for the first time a little barytes was reported from 

 the state. The value of mineral waters was $42,099. Granite was quarried worth $193,748, 

 and marble, limestone, etc., brought the total for stone up to $336,467. 



Manufactures. In 1904-09 the number of establishments increased from 1,399 to 1,854 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 63,071 to 78,040 (wage-earners from 

 59,441 to 73,046); capital from $113,422,000 to $173,221,000; and value of products from 

 $79.376,000 to $i 13,236,000. In 1909 the products of cotton mills were valued at $65,930,000 

 58.2% of the total for all manufactures; this was about eight-ninths more than in 1899 

 and ranked the state 3rd among the cotton manufacturing states, a remarkable showing in 

 view of the recent development of this industry in the South. Among other important 



Eroducts were: lumber and timber, $13,141,000; cottonseed oil and cake, $10,903,000; and 

 jrtilisers, $9,025,000, ranking the state 3rd in this industry. The principal manufacturing 

 cities were: Charleston, $6,951,000; Columbia, $5,872,000; Spartanburg, $3,276,000, and 

 Greenville, $2,142,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, January I, 1912,' 3,489.64. In 1912 the Federal 

 government had nearly completed the inland waterway between Charleston and Alligator 

 Creek, and had made the Charleston harbour channel 26 ft. deep and 500 ft. wide the depth 

 projected is 28 ft. and the width 1,000 ft. 



Legislation. The regular session of the legislature was held from January 10 to 

 February 18, 1911, and a special session from January 9 to February 29, 1912. In 

 1911 the legislature reorganised the supreme court, which now consists of a chief 

 justice and four associate justices, who hold office for ten years; a majority of the justices 

 must agree on a decision and there must always be an odd number of justices on the 

 bench. The legislature passed concurrent resolutions in 1911 urging the adoption 

 of the reciprocity treaty with Canada and an amendment to the Federal Constitution 

 providing for a direct vote for United States senators, and in 1912 asking for aid from 

 the Federal government for the Catawba Indians of the state. 



A law of 1911 requires marriage licences. The legislation both in 1911 and 1912 was very 

 largely on special and local matters. Counties which voted in 1909 on the adoption of the 

 dispensary system may vote for or against, in August 1913, the sale of intoxicating liquors. 



