TENNESSEE 9 oo 



of the opposition to the annexation of the Philippines. There were no Taft electors 

 on the official ballot, but the Roosevelt electors pledged themselves to vote for Taft 

 if it were a question between him and Woodrow Wilson. Roosevelt received 

 the 5 electoral votes of the state, which he carried by 58,811 votes to 48,942 for Wilson. 

 Debs received 4,662 votes (2,846 in 1908). 



Bibliography. Session Laws, 1911 (Pierre); official reports; W. E. Johnson, South Dakota, 

 a Republic of Friends (Pierre, 1911). 



TENNESSEE 1 



Population (1910), 2,184,789, an increase of 8.1% since 1900. The percentage of 

 negroes decreased from 23.8 to 21.7, and foreign-born whites from 0.9 to 0.8. 

 Density, 52.4 to the sq. m. In 1910 73.7% of the total was in rural (unincorporated) 

 territory (in 1900, 80.2 %). In urban territory (incorporated places, each with a popula- 

 tion of 2,500 or more) there was 20.2 % in 1910, in .29 places (16.2 % in 22 such places in 

 1900). In 1910 there were n places with 5,000 or more, as follows: Memphis, 131,105 

 (102,320 in 1900); Nashville, 110,364; Chattanooga, 44,604; Knoxville, 36,346; Jackson, 

 15,779; Clarksville, 8,548; Johnson City (town), 8,502; Bristol (town), 7,148; Columbia, 

 5,754; Cleveland, 5,549; Park City (town), 5,126. 



Agriculture. The acreage in farms decreased from 20,342,058 to 20,041,657 between 1900 

 and 1910, and the improved land in farms increased from 10,245,950 to 10,890,484; the average 

 farm acreage fell from 90.6 to 81.5, and the value of farm property increased from $341,202,- 

 025 to $612,520,836 ($371,415,783 land; $109,106,804 buildings; $21,292,171 implements: 

 $110,706,078 domestic animals). Of the land area 75.1 % was in farms in 1910. The average 

 value of farm land per acre was $18.53. Farms were operated largely by owners (144,125 

 by owners, 826 by managers and 101,061 by tenants). In 1912 (preliminary estimates) the 

 principal crops were: Indian corn, 88,298,000 bu. (3,332,000 A.); wheat, 7,077,000 bu. 

 (674,000 A.); oats, 5,599,000 bu. (258,000 A.); barley, 52,000 bu. (2,000 A.); rye, 196,000 bu. 

 (17,000 A.); buckwheat, 54,000 bu. (3,000 A.); potatoes, 3,344,000 bu, (38,000 A.); hay, 

 1,154,000 tons (888,000 A.); cotton, 280,000 bales (171 Ibs. per A.), and tobacco, 72,600,000 

 Ibs. (110,000 A.). In 1909 (U.S. Census) the value of vegetables other than potatoes was 

 $7,015,686; flowers and plants, $344,579; nursery products, $697,703; small fruits, $923,613 

 (strawberries, $835,739); orchard fruits, $3,459,077 (apples, $2,172,475; peaches and nectar- 

 ines, $1,055,379). On Jan. I, 1912 there were on farms: 354,000 horses, 279,000 mules, 

 385,000 milch cows, 576,000 other neat cattle, 762 ,000 sheep and 1,574,000 swine. The office 

 of inspector of apiaries was created in 191 1 by a law against keeping foul brood bees or bees 

 with any other infectious or contagious disease. The Smoky Mountain area (59,213 acres; 

 Blount and Sevier counties) and the White Top area (33,619 acres; Johnson and Sullivan 

 counties, and Washington county, Virginia) were approved in 1912 by the National Forest 

 Reservation Commission for purchase under the (Federal) Weeks act (of March I, 1911) to 

 preserve upland watersheds. 



Mineral Products. Total value, in 1911, $17,902,451. Coal, 6,433,156 tons ($7,209,734), 

 and the metals are the important minerals. Iron ore amounted to 469,728 tons (marketed; 

 the mined total is more), of which 251,083 was hematite and the remainder brown ore. More 

 than one-third of the total tomes from one hematite mine near Cardiff. The value of pig 

 iron (not included in the total above) was $3,439,644. The output of copper was 18,965,143 

 Ibs. ($2,370,643), all from the district near Ducktown, where in 1911 sulphuric acid was 

 successfully manufactured from smelter fumes, after suits to abate smoke nuisance. Zinc 

 was valued at $114,000 and gold at $11,900 (more than thrice the output in 1910). Phos- 

 phate rock was valued at $1,688,267; an d the green-sands of Hardin, McNairy and Hender- 

 son counties are being studied as sources of fertiliser potash, samples from McNairy county 

 showing 10.1 to 11.3%. Limestone and marble each were valued at about $700,000; sand 

 and gravel $518,542; lime $282,763. Natural gas was found near Franklin in 1910. 



Manufactures. In 1904 09 the number of establishments increased from 3,175 to 4,609 

 and that of persons engaged in manufacturing from 69,287 to 87,672 (60,572 wage-earners to 

 73,840); capital from $102,439,000 to $167,924,000 (63.9%); and the value of products from 

 $137,960,000 to $180,217,000. In 1909 the two pre-eminent manufactures were: lumber and 

 timber, $30,457,000; and flour and grist-mill products, $29,070,000. Other large products 

 were: foundry and machine-shop products, $9,190,000; car construction and repairs by steam 

 railway companies, $6,777,000; cottonseed oil and cake, $6,593,000; cotton goods, $5,201-, 

 ooo; iron and steel from blast furnaces, $4,653,000; and hosiery and knit goods, $3,565,000 

 (119% more than in 1904, when the product value was 312.2% greater than in 1899). Of 

 the manufactures, 48.2 % by value came from the 5 cities which had (in 1910) more than 10,- 

 ooo inhabitants; Memphis, $30,241,500, chiefly flour, lumber, cotton-seed oil (65.5% of the 



1 See E. B. xxvi 619 el seq. 



