9 io TENNESSEE 



state's product) and tobacco; Nashville, $29,650,000; Chattanooga, 816,036,500, principally 

 foundry and machine-shop products; Knoxville, $8,149,000; and Jackson, 82,710,000. 



Transportation. Railway mileage, Jan. I, 1912, 3,945.18. A law of 1911 permits rail- 

 ways to fill trestles to insure public safety, to build cut-off lines and second tracks to extend 

 main or branch lines, and to condemn real estate for such purposes. The Federal govern- 

 ment plans five additional locks in its canalisation of the Cumberland below Nashville. 



Legislation. The legislature met in regular session from January 2 to July 7, 1911, 

 with a recess from February 18 to March 27, and one April 21-24. It ratified, April u, 

 the proposed amendment to the Federal Constitution providing for a federal income 

 tax. It urged amendments to the Federal Constitution providing for the direct election 

 of United States senators and prohibiting polygamy throughout the United States. 



The following proposed amendments to the state constitution were referred to the 

 next session: providing that the secretary of state is to be elected by the voters instead 

 of appointed by the legislature; also the treasurer, with the extension of his term from 

 two to four years; providing that the attorney-general and reporter are to be chosen 

 by popular vote instead of appointed by the judges of the state supreme court; making 

 the governor's term four years and making him ineligible for immediate re-election 

 instead of not holding office for more than six years out of eight; and making the term 

 of sheriff, trustee and register, four years instead of two. 



No verdict in a case at law is to be set aside on a technical error unless it seems to 

 have affected the result. No decision in a case tried by a jury in a lower court, may 

 be reversed by the state superior appellate courts or dismissed upon the merits without an 

 opportunity for oral argument by counsel in the higher court. A new trial is to be awarded on 

 the remittitur of a trial judge in any case where the jury's verdict seems to him to be excessive 

 or due to passion, prejudice, corruption, partiality or unaccountable caprice. The Australian 

 ballot law was extended to two more counties, Coffee and Tipton. 



A commission form of government providing for a mayor and four commissioners to be 

 chosen from the two candidates for mayor and eight for commissioner having the highest num- 

 ber of votes at the primary election, for a civil service board of three commissioners with a 

 three year term, for strict civil service rules and for recall, initiative and referendum was 

 passed for Chattanooga (where it went into effect on May 8, after a chancery suit by officials 

 ousted by the new charter), and a similar charter was submitted to the voters of Knoxville 

 and was adopted by 1,241 to 197 votes on August 26, 1911. LaFollette, Campbell county, 

 received a commission charter from the legislature. The town of St. Elmo in Hamilton county 

 was incorporated in 1911, with a commission form of government. Cities and towns were 

 authorised to establish tuberculosis hospitals. 



A stricter pure food law was passed, amending the act of 1907. The office of state hotel 

 inspector was created by an act requiring fire-escapes, stand-pipes, extinguishers, night watch- 

 men, screening, disinfecting, etc. in all hotels. The state board of examiners of nurses was 

 created to issue certificates to registered nurses who alone may use the letters "R.N." after 

 their names. A law was passed for the protection of the eyesight of newly born infants. The 

 age of consent was raised from 18 to 21. 



Children under 14 are not to be employed except in agricultural or domestic service dur- 

 ing school term or at any time in mills, factories, workshops, laundries, messenger service, 

 etc. In the same employments children under 16 may not be employed without birth certifi- 

 cates; and'in dangerous employments, specified in the act, no child under 16 may be employed 

 under any conditions. Children under 1 8 may not be employed "in messenger service between 

 10 P.M. and 5 A.M. Many special acts for separate counties extended into new territory the 

 law for compulsory education of children between 8 and 15. Wages were secured for married 

 working women upon notification from them that their employers are not to pay wages to 

 anyone other than the employee. 



Finance. There was a treasury balance from 1910 of 8317,270; receipts in 1911-12, $8,- 

 735,068; expenditures, $8,267,218, leaving a balance for 1912 of 8785,120. The bonded 

 debt was $15,218,600 on December 20, 1912. 



Education. The legislature in 1911 failed to pass a new school code because of political 

 strife in the state. 'Compulsory education was extended to several counties which had not 

 been under the law before. The teaching of agriculture is required in all schools, and it is a 

 necessary subject for teachers' certificates. In accordance with the act of 1909, four state nor- 

 mal schools have been established at Johnson City, Memphis, Murfreesboro, and (for ne- 

 groes) at Nashville. On January 17, 1911, Bruce Ryburn Payne (b. 1 874; graduated Trinity Col- 

 lege, N.C., 1896; professor of psychology University of Virginia, 1906-11) was chosen president 

 of the George Pcabody College for teachers in Nashville. He took office in August, immediately 

 after the college had moved from South Nashville to a site adjacent to the campus of Van- 

 derbilt University, where it will re-open in 1913. On November I, 1911 the Peabody Educa- 

 tion Fund gave to the college 8500,000 on the condition that 81,000,000 more be raised from 



