TENNESSEE 9 n 



other sources. The Peabody Fund Board will dissolve when this condition is met probably 

 in 1913. To the Peabody College the General Education Board (May 24, 1912) gave 8250,- 

 ooo, conditioned on the gift of $150,000 from other sources, to endow the Seaman A. Knapp 

 School of Country Life. Seaman Asahel Knapp (1833-1911), to whom the school is a 

 memorial, was president of the Iowa State Agricultural College in 1884^86; and then he re- 

 moved to Lake Charles, Louisiana, where he developed the rice-industry, introducing 

 Japanese and other varieties. From 1903 to his death he was in charge of the important 

 farmers' co-operative demonstration work in the South. 



For the year ending June 30, 1912 the school population was 756,966; the total enrollment, 

 539,911; the average daily attendance, 368,888; and the length of the average school year. 

 127 days. The total receipts were $6,677,263, and the expenditures $5,537,030. 



Of the population 10 years of age and over 13.6% in 1910 (20.7 in 1900) was illiterate: 

 of whites, 9.7% (14.1 in 1900); negroes, 27.3 (41.6 in 1900). 



Penal and Charitable Institutions. Juvenile courts were created in 1911 in Hamilton and 

 Knox counties and a general law was passed giving juvenile jurisdiction to county judges or to 

 the chairmen of county courts. The appropriations for pensions for soldiers and their widows 

 were increased to $520,000 and $2 10,000, respectively, and the annual pensions from $60 to $72 

 to $100. The legislature appropriated $60,000 for the Tennessee Reformatory for Boys, 

 near Jordonia, 7 m. N. of Nashville, opened February 15, 1912. The state owns 14,000 

 acres of coal land in Morgan and Anderson counties, and in September 1894, established 

 near Petros the Brushy Mountain Branch Prison, whose output of coal in November 1912 

 averaged 1,000 tons a day. In January 1912 a night school was opened in the state prison. 



History. Benjamin W. Hooper (b. 1870) was elected governor in 1910, by 133,999 

 votes (Republican and Fusionist) to 121,674 for U.S. senator Robert Love Hooper, 

 Democrat, after a serious split in the Democratic party between Malcolm R. Patterson 

 (b. 1861; governor 1907-11), anti-Prohibitionist leader, and the prohibitionist wing of 

 the party; he was the only Republican elected to state office in 1910 and the first Re- 

 publican governor of Tennessee since 1883. The legislature, strongly Democratic, 

 was bitterly opposed to the new governor, and delayed his inauguration until January 

 25, 1911, by having no quorum. The regular Democrats passed a bill taking from the 

 governor the power of appointing the state board of elections, making the board non- 

 partisan, and increasing its members from three to seven. Governor Hooper vetoed 

 the bill, and to prevent its being passed over his veto more than thirty members of the 

 lower house left the state, so that for much of the session there was again no quorum. 

 This forced the regular Democrats to acquiesce in the veto, and the Republicans and 

 Independent Democrats then returned from Alabama in time to pass the general 

 appropriation bill, which carried an item for interest on the state debt and moneys 

 for official salaries. In another contest with the legislature Governor Hooper vetoed 

 a bill giving $500 extra pay to each member, but approved an amended bill reducing 

 the extra pay to $200. To succeed U.S. Senator James B. Frazier (b. 1856; governor 

 1903-05), Democrat, the legislature chose Luke Lea (b. 1879), also a Democrat, editor 

 of the Nashville Tenncssean, who had broken with Patterson 1 on the liquor question. 

 In 1912 B. W. Hooper was renominated for governor, and was re-elected in November 

 by a small plurality over Benton McMillin (b. 1845; governor 1899-1903), Democrat. 

 The Progressive candidate, W. F. Poston, polled about 2% of the combined votes 

 for Hooper and McMillin. The 1913 legislature (senate, 27 Democrats and 6 Re- 

 publicans; house, 72 Democrats and 27 Republicans) chose John K. Shields (b. 1858; 

 justice of the state supreme court since- 1902 and chief justice since 1910) as successor 

 to Robert Love Taylor, 2 United States senator since 1907, who died March 31, 1912. 



1 Patterson was known as a "pardoning" governor and was accused of using this power 

 for political purposes. He pardoned 17 convicts on January 24, the last day he was in office, 

 and among the 150 he pardoned for murder was (April 13, 1910) one of his advisers, Duncan 

 B. Cooper, who with his son was convicted of killing Edward W. Carmack (1858-1908), 

 former United States senator and editor of The Tennessean, which had attacked Patterson, 

 and in the control of which Carmack was succeeded by Lea. 



2 Taylor was born in Carter county, Tennessee, in 1850, practised law in Nashville, was a 

 representative in Congress in 1879-81 and governor of Tennessee in 1887-91 and 1897-99. 

 In 1910 he vainly tried to heal the breach among the Democrats, and was then unsuccess- 

 ful when he tried to defeat the Fusionist candidates for governor. He was editor of Bob 

 Taylor's Magazine in 1905-06 and the Trotivood-Taylor Magazine. Another prominent poli- 

 tician, James Davis Porter (b. 1828) governor in 1875 -79, died on May 8, 1912. 



